{"title":"Fall Bestsellers: Top Native Plants for Fall Planting - Natural Communities","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eShop our best-selling native sedges, prairie grasses, and wildflowers for fall planting. Strong roots now means a stronger spring garden.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"little-bluestem-schizachyrium-scoparium-or-andropogon-scoparius","title":"Schizachyrium scoparium or  Andropogon scoparius (Little Bluestem)","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"nc-phase7\" style=\"line-height:1.65;overflow-wrap:anywhere\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLittle Bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) grows in upright grassy clumps that fit naturally into an open prairie planting. It handles lean soils, and its size changes with soil fertility and available moisture. Give the clumps space to develop among prairie flowers instead of treating the planting as a tightly packed lawn.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCheck the product options above for the available format and quantity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plant-specs-table nc-chart\" style=\"margin:24px 0;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 style=\"margin:0;padding:16px;background:#214c36;color:white;font-size:1.2em\"\u003ePlant specifications \u0026amp; ecological relationships\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"nc-key-facts\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin:0;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font-size:1em;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4\"\u003eKey growing facts\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSunlight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eFull sun\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSoil moisture\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eMesic to dry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eHeight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003e2-3 ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eBloom season\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eLate summer into the autumn\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_COMPANIONS_START --\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"nc-landscape-companions\" data-nc-phase24=\"companions\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin:0;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font-size:1em;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4\"\u003eNative landscape companions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor full sun and dry-mesic soil, consider these native plants alongside Schizachyrium scoparium:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf\"\u003eCompanion plant\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf\"\u003eHeight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/euphorbia-corollata-flowering-spurge\"\u003eFlowering Spurge (Euphorbia corollata)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e½–3 ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/carex-annectens-small-yellow-fox-sedge\"\u003eSmall Yellow Fox Sedge (Carex annectens)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e18 to 40 inches\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/amorpha-canescens-lead-plant\"\u003eLead Plant (Amorpha canescens)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e1-3 ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/purple-prairie-clover-dalea-purpurea-or-petalostemum-purpureum\"\u003ePurple Prairie Clover (Dalea purpurea)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e¾–3 ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:12px 0 0;font-size:.92em\"\u003eThese landscape suggestions combine overlapping growing needs with documented plant associations. Match soil, seasonal wetness and mature spread to your site. Remnant records are described separately under Plant communities \u0026amp; associates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_COMPANIONS_END --\u003e\n\u003cdetails class=\"nc-growing\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eGrowing \u0026amp; planting details\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eGrowth habit\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003ePerennial grass densely tufted at the base\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eRoot form\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eUsually forms distinct bunches; short rhizomes may occur on wetter sites.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSoil pH\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003ePublished cultivation guidance lists acidic, alkaline, neutral soil conditions; no optimal numeric interval is established.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eCultivation hardiness zones\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eZones 3a–9b (general cultivation guidance)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eDrought tolerance\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eStrong drought tolerance reported\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eDeer browsing\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eDeer resistance reported in cultivation guidance; browsing remains possible.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSalt tolerance\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003ePlant identification \u0026amp; seed reference\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eBotanical name\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eSchizachyrium scoparium\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eOther common names\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003elittle bluestem; Little Bluestem; Prairie Beardgrass; Prairie Beard Grass\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSeed germination\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eUSDA lists cold stratification as not required; seed-lot response may vary.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003ePlant family\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003ePoaceae\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSeeds per pound — reference estimate\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003e240670\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003csection\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003ePlant characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSchizachyrium scoparium (Little Bluestem) is one of the best native grasses for landscaping!  Its compact growth habit lends itself well to a border placement and mass plantings.  It has a nice form and a blueish hue in its leaves during the summer that gives way to a nice orange\/pink fall foliage which can give excellent winter interest.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eFlower Time July-September\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ciframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qLAcXnhId0o\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"\u003e\u003c\/iframe\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-plants\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003ePlant communities \u0026amp; associates\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003csection data-nc-phase15=\"community-expansion\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003eDocumented Illinois communities\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003csection data-nc-phase15=\"survey-community\" data-community-id=\"INHS2006-NWSAND-T4-A9\"\u003e\u003ch4\u003eMature dry sand prairie — burned\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLost Mound — Jo Daviess County, Illinois; 2005 survey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOther native plants recorded in this survey area: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/amorpha-canescens-lead-plant\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eAmorpha canescens\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/andropogon-gerardii-big-bluestem\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eAndropogon gerardii\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/anemone-cylindrica-thimbleweed\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eAnemone cylindrica\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/whorled-milkweed-asclepias-verticillata\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eAsclepias verticillata\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/asclepias-viridflora-short-green-milkweed\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eAsclepias viridiflora\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/symphyotrichum-ericoides-heath-aster\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eAster ericoides\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ci\u003eBouteloua curtipendula\u003c\/i\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/bouteloua-hirsuta-hairy-grama\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eBouteloua hirsuta\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/38-flower-template-1-25-amorpha-canescens-lead-plant\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eCeanothus americanus\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/coreopsis-palmata-prairie-coreopsis\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eCoreopsis palmata\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/purple-prairie-clover-dalea-purpurea-or-petalostemum-purpureum\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eDalea purpurea\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/eragrostis-spectabilis-purple-love-grass\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eEragrostis spectabilis\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-size:.9em\"\u003eSelected species from the ground layer. The survey includes disturbance and succession; these records do not specify immediate neighbors or planting proportions.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003csection data-nc-phase15=\"survey-community\" data-community-id=\"INHS2006-NWSAND-T11-A15\"\u003e\u003ch4\u003eMature dry sand prairie\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBig River Natural Area — Henderson County, Illinois; 2005 survey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOther native plants recorded in this survey area: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/bouteloua-hirsuta-hairy-grama\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eBouteloua hirsuta\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/eragrostis-spectabilis-purple-love-grass\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eEragrostis spectabilis\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/euphorbia-corollata-flowering-spurge\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eEuphorbia corollata\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/koeleria-macrantha-june-grass\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eKoeleria macrantha\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/lespedeza-capitata-round-headed-bush-clover\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eLespedeza capitata\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/monarda-punctata-spotted-bee-balm\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eMonarda punctata\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/quercus-velutina-black-oak\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eQuercus velutina\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/rhus-aromatica-fragrant-sumac\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eRhus aromatica\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/rhus-glabra-smooth-sumac\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eRhus glabra\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/solidago-nemoralis-old-field-goldenrod\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eSolidago nemoralis\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/solidago-speciosa-showy-goldenrod\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eSolidago speciosa\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ci\u003eAmbrosia psilostachya\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-size:.9em\"\u003eSelected species from the ground layer. The survey includes disturbance and succession; these records do not specify immediate neighbors or planting proportions.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003csection data-nc-phase15=\"survey-community\" data-community-id=\"INHS2006-NWSAND-T9-A10\"\u003e\u003ch4\u003eLate-successional dry sand prairie\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAyers Sand Prairie Nature Preserve — Carroll County, Illinois; 2004 survey.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOther native plants recorded in this survey area: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/whorled-milkweed-asclepias-verticillata\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eAsclepias verticillata\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/symphyotrichum-ericoides-heath-aster\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eAster ericoides\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/eragrostis-spectabilis-purple-love-grass\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eEragrostis spectabilis\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/euphorbia-corollata-flowering-spurge\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eEuphorbia corollata\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/koeleria-macrantha-june-grass\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eKoeleria macrantha\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/lespedeza-capitata-round-headed-bush-clover\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eLespedeza capitata\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/liatris-aspera-button-blazing-star-rough-blazing-star\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eLiatris aspera\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/panicum-virgatum-switch-grass\"\u003e\u003ci\u003ePanicum virgatum\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/solidago-nemoralis-old-field-goldenrod\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eSolidago nemoralis\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/viola-pedata-birds-foot-violet\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eViola pedata\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ci\u003eAmbrosia psilostachya\u003c\/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eAristida tuberculosa\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-size:.9em\"\u003eSelected species from the ground layer. The survey includes disturbance and succession; these records do not specify immediate neighbors or planting proportions.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003csection data-nc-phase9=\"blacksoil\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eIllinois plant communities\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMesic black-soil prairie — central Illinois\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRecorded at Loda Cemetery Prairie (Iroquois County), Prospect Cemetery Prairie (Ford County), Weston Cemetery Prairie (McLean County). INHS identifies these sites as remnants of this community.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelected native plants from the same remnant records:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"nc-associates\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/sorghastrum-nutans-indian-grass\"\u003eSorghastrum nutans\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/andropogon-gerardii-big-bluestem\"\u003eAndropogon gerardii\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/sporobolus-heterolepis-northern-dropseed\"\u003eSporobolus heterolepis\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/eryngium-yuccifolium-rattlesnake-master-1\"\u003eEryngium yuccifolium\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/silphium-laciniatum-compass-plant\"\u003eSilphium laciniatum\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/parthenium-integrifolium-wild-quinine\"\u003eParthenium integrifolium\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese inventories include edges and disturbed patches. Shared remnant records do not establish that every plant grows together in one microsite.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003csection id=\"nc-phase6-35a2cc180d10-communities\" data-nc-ecology=\"true\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eIllinois plant communities\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"rte\" style=\"font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese regional accounts place this plant and the plants below in the same type of natural community. A community list does not mean that every species grew together in one plot. Use the habitat and location to understand the relationship; it is not a planting recipe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eMature dry sand prairie\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e — Illinois sand deposits:\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cem\u003eDichanthelium villosissimum\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eAmbrosia psilostachya\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/lespedeza-capitata-round-headed-bush-clover\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eLespedeza capitata\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/solidago-nemoralis-old-field-goldenrod\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSolidago nemoralis\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cem\u003eOpuntia spp.\u003c\/em\u003e. \u003csmall\u003e(pp. 265)\u003c\/small\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eGravel prairie crest grasses\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e — Rock River, Winnebago County, Illinois:\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/bouteloua-curtipendula-side-oats-grama\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBouteloua curtipendula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/sporobolus-heterolepis-northern-dropseed\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSporobolus heterolepis\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e. These grass records were reported by Fell and Fell in 1956. \u003csmall\u003e(pp. 267)\u003c\/small\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eGravel prairie\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e — Illinois River valley, Illinois:\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/bouteloua-curtipendula-side-oats-grama\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBouteloua curtipendula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cem\u003eDichanthelium oligosanthes\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/sorghastrum-nutans-indian-grass\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSorghastrum nutans\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cem\u003eSporobolus clandestinus\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eAmbrosia psilostachya\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/purple-prairie-clover-dalea-purpurea-or-petalostemum-purpureum\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDalea purpurea\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/echinacea-pallida-pale-purple-coneflower-1\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eEchinacea pallida\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cem\u003eOpuntia humifusa\u003c\/em\u003e. \u003csmall\u003e(pp. 267)\u003c\/small\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003csection data-nc-phase8=\"community\"\u003e\u003ch3\u003eGreen River community records\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry sand prairie:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lee County, Illinois (2006). Selected catalog plants recorded in this community: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/amorpha-canescens-lead-plant\"\u003eAmorpha canescens\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"\/products\/antennaria-plantaginifolia-pussytoes\"\u003eAntennaria plantaginifolia\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"\/products\/whorled-milkweed-asclepias-verticillata\"\u003eAsclepias verticillata\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"\/products\/coreopsis-lanceolata-sand-coreopsis\"\u003eCoreopsis lanceolata\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"\/products\/euphorbia-corollata-flowering-spurge\"\u003eEuphorbia corollata\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"\/products\/koeleria-macrantha-june-grass\"\u003eKoeleria macrantha\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry-mesic sand prairie:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lee County, Illinois (2006). Selected catalog plants recorded in this community: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/andropogon-gerardii-big-bluestem\"\u003eAndropogon gerardii\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"\/products\/antennaria-plantaginifolia-pussytoes\"\u003eAntennaria plantaginifolia\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"\/products\/whorled-milkweed-asclepias-verticillata\"\u003eAsclepias verticillata\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"\/products\/euphorbia-corollata-flowering-spurge\"\u003eEuphorbia corollata\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"\/products\/lespedeza-capitata-round-headed-bush-clover\"\u003eLespedeza capitata\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"\/products\/liatris-aspera-button-blazing-star-rough-blazing-star\"\u003eLiatris aspera\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMesic sand prairie:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lee County, Illinois (2006). Selected catalog plants recorded in this community: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/andropogon-gerardii-big-bluestem\"\u003eAndropogon gerardii\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"\/products\/antennaria-neglecta-prairie-pussytoes\"\u003eAntennaria neglecta\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"\/products\/antennaria-plantaginifolia-pussytoes\"\u003eAntennaria plantaginifolia\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"\/products\/fragaria-virginiana-wild-strawberry\"\u003eFragaria virginiana\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"\/products\/lespedeza-capitata-round-headed-bush-clover\"\u003eLespedeza capitata\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"\/products\/liatris-pycnostachya-prairie-blazing-star\"\u003eLiatris pycnostachya\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study site includes restoration plantings. Community records do not establish county-native origin or a seed-mix recipe.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003csection id=\"nc-phase5-35a2cc180d10-associates\" data-nc-ecology=\"true\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eOther regional plant communities\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"rte\" style=\"font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese plants are named with this species in published vegetation accounts. Each list keeps its community and region; some records describe a shared vegetation type rather than neighboring plants in a measured plot. They are ecological records, not a planting recipe, and may include plants unsuitable for a particular garden.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eTransition between mesic lowland and dry hillslope prairie\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Illinois):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/amorpha-canescens-lead-plant\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAmorpha canescens\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eLake Michigan sand prairie\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Illinois Beach State Park, Illinois):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/calamovilfa-longifolia-sand-reed-grass\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCalamovilfa longifolia\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eSand prairie\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Sand Prairie Scrub Oak Nature Preserve, Illinois):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/calamovilfa-longifolia-sand-reed-grass\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCalamovilfa longifolia\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eDry to mesic tallgrass prairie\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Iowa):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/amorpha-canescens-lead-plant\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAmorpha canescens\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003ePrairies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Midwestern and eastern North America):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/carex-pensylvanica-common-oak-sedge\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCarex pensylvanica\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eTallgrass prairie\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Great Plains and Midwest):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/purple-prairie-clover-dalea-purpurea-or-petalostemum-purpureum\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDalea purpurea\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eCedar glades\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Wisconsin):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/juniperus-virginiana-eastern-red-cedar\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eJuniperus virginiana\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eBlack-oak savanna\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Indiana):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/rhus-glabra-smooth-sumac\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eRhus glabra\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eSandhill prairie and mixed-grass prairie\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Great Plains):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/amorpha-canescens-lead-plant\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAmorpha canescens\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eSeasonally wet stream and lake margins\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Nebraska):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/amorpha-canescens-lead-plant\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAmorpha canescens\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eGrasslands, woodlands and shrublands\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (North American range synthesis; associations vary by region):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/bouteloua-curtipendula-side-oats-grama\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBouteloua curtipendula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eOpen upper dune slopes and ridges\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Nebraska Sandhills):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cem\u003eBouteloua hirsuta\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eTallgrass prairie\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (North-central Texas):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cem\u003eBouteloua hirsuta\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003ePonderosa-pine savanna\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Western North Dakota):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cem\u003eBouteloua hirsuta\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eDune slopes and bottoms\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Nebraska Sandhills):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/calamovilfa-longifolia-sand-reed-grass\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCalamovilfa longifolia\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eMixed-grass prairie\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Northwestern South Dakota):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/calamovilfa-longifolia-sand-reed-grass\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCalamovilfa longifolia\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eDune communities\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Lake Huron):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/elymus-canadensis-canada-wild-rye\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eElymus canadensis\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eTallgrass prairie\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Kansas):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/elymus-canadensis-canada-wild-rye\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eElymus canadensis\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eTallgrass prairie\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Nebraska):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/elymus-canadensis-canada-wild-rye\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eElymus canadensis\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eRocky ridges\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Northeastern United States):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/juniperus-virginiana-eastern-red-cedar\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eJuniperus virginiana\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eGrassland and shrub associates\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Prairie region; account synthesis):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/juniperus-virginiana-eastern-red-cedar\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eJuniperus virginiana\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eCedar glades\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Kentucky):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/juniperus-virginiana-eastern-red-cedar\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eJuniperus virginiana\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eTallgrass prairie and lowlands\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Tallgrass prairie region):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/panicum-virgatum-switch-grass\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePanicum virgatum\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eTallgrass prairie and wooded draws\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Kansas):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/rhus-aromatica-fragrant-sumac\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eRhus aromatica\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eRedcedar woodland herbs and shrubs\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Eastern North America; account synthesis):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/rhus-aromatica-fragrant-sumac\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eRhus aromatica\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eBluestem prairie\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Kansas):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/rhus-glabra-smooth-sumac\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eRhus glabra\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eOpen pine understory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Eastern and central United States):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cem\u003ePinus palustris\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePinus rigida\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePinus taeda\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePinus elliottii\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePinus echinata\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePinus virginiana\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-native\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eNative range \u0026amp; C-value\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase15=\"range-scope\"\u003eState nativity describes a broad range. Use the Chicago-region assessment for local context; a state listing does not establish county nativity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eWetland indicator — NWPL 2022 Midwest\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eFACU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eC-value — Chicago region, Flora 2017\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003e5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eChicago-region native — Flora 2017\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eNative range — U.S. states\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eAlabama; Arkansas; California; Colorado; Connecticut; Delaware; Florida; Georgia; Idaho; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Texas; Utah; Vermont; Virginia; Washington; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eCounty nativity\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eNot yet verified; occurrence records do not establish nativity.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-wildlife\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003ePollinators \u0026amp; wildlife\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csection id=\"nc-phase5-35a2cc180d10-hosts\" data-nc-ecology=\"true\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eCaterpillars \u0026amp; other plant-feeding insects\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"rte\" style=\"font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis plant has published caterpillar host records for the butterflies and moths listed below. These are larval feeding relationships, separate from adult nectar visits. The records span a North American literature compilation and do not establish that every insect occurs locally or uses only this plant.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.08em;line-height:1.4\"\u003eButterflies \u0026amp; skippers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:1.3em\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eAmblyscirtes oslari\u003c\/em\u003e — Prairie Roadside-Skipper, Oslar's Roadside-Skipper\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eAtrytone arogos\u003c\/em\u003e — Arogos Skipper, Beardgrass Skipper\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eAtrytonopsis hianna\u003c\/em\u003e — Dusted Skipper \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eHesperia meskei\u003c\/em\u003e — Meske's Skipper \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eHesperia metea\u003c\/em\u003e — Cobweb Skipper \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eHesperia miriamae\u003c\/em\u003e — Sierra Skipper\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eLimochores origenes\u003c\/em\u003e — Crossline Skipper \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eNastra lherminier\u003c\/em\u003e — Swarthy Skipper \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.08em;line-height:1.4\"\u003eMoths\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:1.3em\"\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eStereomita andropogonis\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-faq\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eFrequently asked questions\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"faq-accordion\" style=\"margin-top:20px\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat are the ideal growing conditions for Little Bluestem?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLight: Full sun. Soil moisture: Mesic to dry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow do I germinate and establish Little Bluestem from seed?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUSDA lists cold stratification as not required; seed-lot response may vary.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIs Little Bluestem deer and herbivore resistant?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeer resistance reported in cultivation guidance; browsing remains possible. Even plants described as resistant may be browsed. Use physical protection where deer damage is a concern.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhen should I expect Little Bluestem to bloom?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTypical flowering period: Late summer into the autumn. Timing varies with location and weather.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-sources\" id=\"nc-phase7-sources\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eSources \u0026amp; ecological notes\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_SOURCES_START --\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase24=\"companion-sources\" style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLandscape companion selection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Natural Communities compared the growing requirements shown on these species pages with selected source records: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopn.library.illinois.edu\/journals\/inhs\/article\/view\/122\"\u003eBlowing sand — Northwestern Illinois — Mississippi River sand deposits\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/publish.illinois.edu\/tallgrass-prairie\/references\/plant-species-at-three-black-soil-prairie-remnants-in-central-illinois\/\"\u003eMesic black-soil prairie — Loda Cemetery Prairie — Central Illinois\u003c\/a\u003e. The shortlist is a planting-design inference. A shared record does not establish adjacency, identical soil requirements, local seed origin, or a tested planting combination. Regional synthesis records retain their documented focal-to-associate scope.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_SOURCES_END --\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIllinois communities \u0026amp; local records:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/publish.illinois.edu\/tallgrass-prairie\/references\/plant-species-at-three-black-soil-prairie-remnants-in-central-illinois\/\"\u003eINHS: Loda, Prospect and Weston prairie records\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopn.library.illinois.edu\/journals\/inhs\/article\/view\/103\"\u003eINHS: Illinois sand-area plant communities\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopn.library.illinois.edu\/journals\/inhs\/article\/view\/96\"\u003eEbinger et al.: Green River communities (2009)\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNative range \u0026amp; ecological ratings:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/universalfqa.org\/get\/database\/80\"\u003eFlora of the Chicago Region (2017), via Universal FQA\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:420956-1\"\u003eKew WCVP \/ Plants of the World Online\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/c750f92594f4376bdb14f68aa3c2c9174c85d5bf\/data-raw\/FQA_databases\/not_from_universal_calc\/chicago_region_2017.xlsx\"\u003eUSACE Chicago FQA (2017)\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/nwpl.sec.usace.army.mil\/static\/reports\/2022_NWPL_MW.xlsx\"\u003eUSACE National Wetland Plant List\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrowing conditions \u0026amp; other references:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.illinoiswildflowers.info\/grasses\/plants\/little_bluestem.htm\"\u003eIllinois Wildflowers, John Hilty\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/feis\/species-reviews\/amocan\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: Amorpha canescens\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/feis\/species-reviews\/boucur\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: Bouteloua curtipendula\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/feis\/species-reviews\/bouhir\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: Bouteloua hirsuta\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/feis\/species-reviews\/callon\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: Calamovilfa longifolia\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/feis\/species-reviews\/carpes\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: Carex pensylvanica\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/feis\/species-reviews\/dalpur\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: Dalea purpurea\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/feis\/species-reviews\/elycan\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: Elymus canadensis\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/feis\/species-reviews\/junvir\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: Juniperus virginiana\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/feis\/species-reviews\/panvir\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: Panicum virgatum\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/feis\/species-reviews\/rhuaro\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: Rhus aromatica\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/feis\/species-reviews\/rhugla\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: Rhus glabra\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/feis\/species-reviews\/schsco\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: Schizachyrium scoparium\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/healthylakeswi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/366\/2023\/02\/NativePlantGuide-sm.pdf\"\u003ePatrick Goggin: Wisconsin native plant guide, p. 75\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/plants.sc.egov.usda.gov\/plant-profile\/SCSC\"\u003eUSDA NRCS PLANTS\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/database\/feis\/plants\/graminoid\/andger\/all.html\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: species review\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/database\/feis\/plants\/shrub\/comper\/all.html\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: species review\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/database\/feis\/plants\/graminoid\/elycan\/all.html\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: species review\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/database\/feis\/plants\/forb\/helmax\/all.html\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: species review\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/database\/feis\/plants\/graminoid\/panvir\/all.html\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: species review\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/database\/feis\/plants\/graminoid\/sornut\/all.html\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: species review\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/plants.ces.ncsu.edu\/plants\/schizachyrium-scoparium\/\"\u003eNC State Extension Plant Toolbox\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWildlife records:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\"\u003eShropshire \u0026amp; Tallamy: caterpillar hosts (2025)\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003eNative range does not identify the origin of the seed or plants offered. Community and wildlife records apply to the locations and conditions described.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdetails class=\"nc-source-data\" data-nc-technical=\"true\" style=\"margin:12px 0 0;border-top:1px solid #b8cbbf;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"cursor:pointer;padding:12px 0;font:inherit;font-weight:600;color:#173d2b\"\u003eResearch notes \u0026amp; credits\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 0 8px;font:inherit;line-height:1.5\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaterpillar host records:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shropshire, K.J. \u0026amp; Tallamy, D.W. (2025), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\"\u003eLepidoptera of North America, Supplement 1\u003c\/a\u003e. Contains information from this database made available under the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/opendatacommons.org\/licenses\/odbl\/1-0\/\"\u003eOpen Database License (ODbL 1.0)\u003c\/a\u003e. Natural Communities selected species-level records and screened source qualifications. The complete selection and transformation instructions for this page are available below under the same license.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eState nativity:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:420956-1\"\u003eWorld Checklist of Vascular Plants\u003c\/a\u003e, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 4 June 2026 release; taxon Schizachyrium scoparium. © The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/\"\u003eCC BY 3.0\u003c\/a\u003e; selected and reformatted. Only records marked native, not extinct and not doubtful are included. Kew cannot warrant the quality or accuracy of these data; no Kew endorsement is implied.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSource: Phillippe, L.R., Molano-Flores, B., Murphy, M.J.C., Marcum, P.B. \u0026amp; Ebinger, J.E. (2011), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopn.library.illinois.edu\/journals\/inhs\/article\/view\/103\"\u003eStatus of Endangered and Threatened Sand Area Species of the Illinois Flora\u003c\/a\u003e, Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 39(4):259–296. © 2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\"\u003eCC BY 4.0\u003c\/a\u003e. Selected community facts regrouped and described by Natural Communities. Historical source names retained; no current legal conservation status is asserted.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/c750f92594f4376bdb14f68aa3c2c9174c85d5bf\/data-raw\/FQA_databases\/not_from_universal_calc\/chicago_region_2017.xlsx\"\u003eUSACE\/ERDC fqadata — Chicago Region FQA 2017\u003c\/a\u003e. Herman, B., Sliwinski, R. \u0026amp; Whitaker, S. (2017), Chicago Region FQA Calculator; distributed by USACE\/ERDC in fqadata under CC0. Values may differ from Flora of the Chicago Region (2017). \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/master\/LICENSE.md\"\u003eCC0 dedication\u003c\/a\u003e. Retained for comparison; the displayed C-value follows Flora database 80.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003eFlora rating attribution: Kenneth Johnson (2018), Flora of the Chicago Region UFQA Database, following Gerould Wilhelm and Laura Rericha (2017), Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Individual rating facts are presented with original commentary; the calculator’s software license is not treated as a license for the underlying Flora publication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"nc-readable-research\" data-nc-format=\"json\" style=\"margin:18px 0 0;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px solid #b8cbbf;font:inherit\" data-nc-title=\"Natural Communities selected host records for Schizachyrium scoparium\" data-nc-source=\"Shropshire, K.J. \u0026amp; Tallamy, D.W. (2025). Lepidoptera of North America, north of Mexico: an annotated list containing geographic ranges and host-plant records. Supplement 1.\" data-nc-source-doi=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\" data-nc-download=\"https:\/\/binary.pensoft.net\/file\/1478226\" data-nc-source-sha256=\"250a11ec19c89f81374af3bc632f6897491cbe540edb09ccdaf298dc73bf9472\" data-nc-license=\"ODbL-1.0\" data-nc-license-url=\"https:\/\/opendatacommons.org\/licenses\/odbl\/1-0\/\" data-nc-method=\"Complete machine-readable selection and alteration file under ODbL section 4.6(b). In source worksheet UDELep May 2025, select only rows whose column A UDLepID appears in selection. Each selection entry contains [retained source plant names, selected insect IDs]. Create one record per selected ID and retained plant name; these are reported larval hosts. Scientific insect name is the first two whitespace-separated tokens of column H; common name is E; source category is AB. Other source fields are unchanged and are not part of this derived table. No other rows or host pairs are used on this page. Group Butterfly and Skipper categories together, and other categories as moths; retain exotic category labels. Display names are sorted by scientific insect name.\" data-nc-plant=\"Schizachyrium scoparium\" data-nc-scope=\"Host literature synthesis; no county nativity or local insect occurrence inferred.\"\u003e\u003ch4 style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:1em;color:#173d2b\"\u003eCaterpillar research records\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlant: \u003c\/strong\u003eSchizachyrium scoparium\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecord scope: \u003c\/strong\u003eHost literature synthesis; no county nativity or local insect occurrence inferred.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\"\u003eShropshire \u0026amp; Tallamy (2025)\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/binary.pensoft.net\/file\/1478226\"\u003eOriginal research dataset\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/opendatacommons.org\/licenses\/odbl\/1-0\/\"\u003eReuse license: ODbL-1.0\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"overflow-x:auto;margin:12px 0\"\u003e\u003ctable data-nc-table=\"selection\" cellpadding=\"6\" style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font:inherit;text-align:left\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" data-nc-column=\"plant_names\" style=\"padding:8px;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf;background:#edf3ed;text-align:left;font-weight:600\"\u003ePlant names in the source\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" data-nc-column=\"insect_ids\" style=\"padding:8px;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf;background:#edf3ed;text-align:left;font-weight:600\"\u003eSource insect record IDs\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-plant-name=\"true\"\u003eSchizachyrium scoparium\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\n\u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e200691\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e201643\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e201649\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e206859\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e206860\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e206861\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e207762\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e208553\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e211789\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch4 style=\"margin:16px 0 8px;font-size:1em;color:#173d2b\"\u003eHow these records were selected\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003eTo reproduce this selection, use the “UDELep May 2025” worksheet in the original research dataset.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col style=\"padding-left:1.4em;margin:0;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eMatch the insect record IDs above to column A (UDLepID). Within each table row, pair every listed insect ID with every listed source plant name.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eUse the first two words in column H for the insect’s scientific name, column E for its common name, and column AB for its source category.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eTreat the selected pairs as reported caterpillar host records. Keep all other source fields unchanged and outside this selected table. Include no other rows or host pairs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eGroup butterflies and skippers together, and the other categories as moths. Retain the source’s exotic-category labels and sort display names by scientific insect name.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003cp data-nc-phase15=\"community-source\"\u003eSurvey communities: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopn.library.illinois.edu\/journals\/inhs\/article\/view\/122\"\u003eEbinger et al. (2006), Tables 1–12\u003c\/a\u003e, Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\"\u003eCC BY 4.0\u003c\/a\u003e; adapted as dated presence lists, with the source’s non-native records excluded from the displayed native lists.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"copy-sources\"\u003eGrowing guidance: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/extension.illinois.edu\/blogs\/good-growing\/2026-07-31-keeping-deer-out-yard-and-garden\"\u003eIllinois Extension — Keeping deer out of the yard and garden\u003c\/a\u003e. Selected facts in original wording. General deer advice is not a species resistance rating.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Natural Communities LLC","offers":[{"title":"Plants \/ #1 Pot","offer_id":51547015479527,"sku":"22480.1G","price":17.7,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Plants \/ 10 Pint Flat","offer_id":51547015512295,"sku":"22480.PT","price":88.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Plants \/ 32 Plug Flat","offer_id":51547015545063,"sku":"SCHSCO-32","price":115.2,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 38 Plug Flat","offer_id":51547015446759,"sku":"22480.38","price":140.6,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Plants \/ 50 Plug Flat","offer_id":50886923976935,"sku":"SCHSCO50","price":175.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 50 Flat","offer_id":52356224844007,"sku":"SCHSCO50-PA","price":175.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 50-Plugs","offer_id":51547015413991,"sku":"SCHSCO50_stc","price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 50-Plug Flat","offer_id":51819051122919,"sku":"SCHSCO-50","price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.01 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547015217383,"sku":"SCHSCO-A","price":0.85,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.1 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547015250151,"sku":"Schsco-B","price":8.53,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.25 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547015282919,"sku":"Schsco-C","price":21.33,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.5 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547015315687,"sku":"Schsco-D","price":42.67,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.75 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547015348455,"sku":"Schsco-E","price":64.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 1 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547015381223,"sku":"Schsco-F","price":85.33,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0672\/8825\/products\/File_000_5.jpeg?v=1756682874"},{"product_id":"sporobolus-heterolepis-northern-dropseed","title":"Sporobolus heterolepis (Northern Dropseed)","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"nc-phase7\" style=\"line-height:1.65;overflow-wrap:anywhere\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrairie dropseed (\u003cem\u003eSporobolus heterolepis\u003c\/em\u003e) forms rounded clumps of fine, arching leaves. Loose flower panicles rise above the foliage in late summer, followed by small seeds eaten by birds. The leaves turn orange to copper in fall and can remain visible through winter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlant it in full sun with well-drained soil. Established plants tolerate dry periods, making dropseed useful along sunny paths, in prairie gardens, and on the drier edge of a rain garden. It grows as a bunchgrass rather than spreading into a continuous turf.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUse the leafy clump, not just the taller flowering stems, when deciding where it belongs in a bed. Young plants develop slowly, but established clumps can be long-lived. Keep competing weeds out during establishment so the fine foliage is not overtopped. Cut back old growth in spring before new leaves expand.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plant-specs-table nc-chart\" style=\"margin:24px 0;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 style=\"margin:0;padding:16px;background:#214c36;color:white;font-size:1.2em\"\u003ePlant specifications \u0026amp; ecological relationships\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"nc-key-facts\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin:0;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font-size:1em;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4\"\u003eKey growing facts\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSunlight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eFull sun\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSoil moisture\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eMesic to dry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eHeight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eFoliage 1–2 ft high; flowering stems 1½–3 ft long\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eBloom season\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eUsually August–September (Morton Arboretum account)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_COMPANIONS_START --\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"nc-landscape-companions\" data-nc-phase24=\"companions\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin:0;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font-size:1em;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4\"\u003eNative landscape companions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor full sun and dry-mesic soil, consider these native plants alongside Sporobolus heterolepis:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf\"\u003eCompanion plant\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf\"\u003eHeight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/little-bluestem-schizachyrium-scoparium-or-andropogon-scoparius\"\u003eLittle Bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e2-3 ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/carex-annectens-small-yellow-fox-sedge\"\u003eSmall Yellow Fox Sedge (Carex annectens)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e18 to 40 inches\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/amorpha-canescens-lead-plant\"\u003eLead Plant (Amorpha canescens)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e1-3 ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/purple-prairie-clover-dalea-purpurea-or-petalostemum-purpureum\"\u003ePurple Prairie Clover (Dalea purpurea)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e¾–3 ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:12px 0 0;font-size:.92em\"\u003eThese landscape suggestions combine overlapping growing needs with documented plant associations. Match soil, seasonal wetness and mature spread to your site. Remnant records are described separately under Plant communities \u0026amp; associates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_COMPANIONS_END --\u003e\n\u003cdetails class=\"nc-growing\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eGrowing \u0026amp; planting details\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eGrowth habit\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eClump-forming bunchgrass\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eRoot form\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eFibrous roots; Rhizomes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSoil pH\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003e6.0–7.2\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eCultivation hardiness zones\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eZones 3a–9b (general cultivation guidance)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eDrought tolerance\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eDrought tolerance reported in cultivation guidance; establishment needs and duration are not specified.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eDeer browsing\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eDeer resistance reported in cultivation guidance; browsing remains possible.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSalt tolerance\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003ePlant identification \u0026amp; seed reference\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eBotanical name\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eSporobolus heterolepis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eOther common names\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eprairie dropseed; Prairie Dropseed; Prairie Drop Seed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSeed germination\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eUSDA lists cold stratification as not required; seed-lot response may vary.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003ePlant family\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003ePoaceae\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSeeds per pound — reference estimate\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003e1200000\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003csection\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003ePlant characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSporobolus heterolepis (Northern Dropseed) is likely the most widely used native grass in landscaping for good reason.  It is a very attractive fountain-like foliage is quite a stunning treat.  Its clump growth habit with fine leaves lends itself very well to flower backdrops and textures.  Flowers of this grass can have a \"buttery popcorn\" smell, but others don't quite see it that way. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlower Time August-October\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBloom Color Green\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-plants\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003ePlant communities \u0026amp; associates\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003csection data-nc-phase9=\"blacksoil\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eIllinois plant communities\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMesic black-soil prairie — central Illinois\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRecorded at Loda Cemetery Prairie (Iroquois County), Prospect Cemetery Prairie (Ford County), Weston Cemetery Prairie (McLean County). INHS identifies these sites as remnants of this community.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelected native plants from the same remnant records:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"nc-associates\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/sorghastrum-nutans-indian-grass\"\u003eSorghastrum nutans\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/andropogon-gerardii-big-bluestem\"\u003eAndropogon gerardii\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/eryngium-yuccifolium-rattlesnake-master-1\"\u003eEryngium yuccifolium\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/silphium-laciniatum-compass-plant\"\u003eSilphium laciniatum\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/parthenium-integrifolium-wild-quinine\"\u003eParthenium integrifolium\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/purple-prairie-clover-dalea-purpurea-or-petalostemum-purpureum\"\u003eDalea purpurea\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese inventories include edges and disturbed patches. Shared remnant records do not establish that every plant grows together in one microsite.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003csection id=\"nc-phase6-83ce67eae16a-communities\" data-nc-ecology=\"true\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eIllinois plant communities\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"rte\" style=\"font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese regional accounts place this plant and the plants below in the same type of natural community. A community list does not mean that every species grew together in one plot. Use the habitat and location to understand the relationship; it is not a planting recipe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eGravel prairie crest grasses\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e — Rock River, Winnebago County, Illinois:\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/bouteloua-curtipendula-side-oats-grama\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBouteloua curtipendula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/little-bluestem-schizachyrium-scoparium-or-andropogon-scoparius\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSchizachyrium scoparium\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e. These grass records were reported by Fell and Fell in 1956. \u003csmall\u003e(pp. 267)\u003c\/small\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003csection id=\"nc-phase5-83ce67eae16a-associates\" data-nc-ecology=\"true\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eOther regional plant communities\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"rte\" style=\"font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese plants are named with this species in published vegetation accounts. Each list keeps its community and region; some records describe a shared vegetation type rather than neighboring plants in a measured plot. They are ecological records, not a planting recipe, and may include plants unsuitable for a particular garden.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eTallgrass prairie\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Great Plains and Midwest):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/purple-prairie-clover-dalea-purpurea-or-petalostemum-purpureum\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDalea purpurea\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003ePonderosa-pine savanna\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Western North Dakota):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cem\u003eBouteloua hirsuta\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003ePrairie and open-grassland associates\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Tallgrass prairie region; account synthesis):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cem\u003eSchizachyrium spp.\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eBouteloua spp.\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/koeleria-macrantha-june-grass\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eKoeleria cristata\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cem\u003eStipa spartea\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePanicum spp.\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/sorghastrum-nutans-indian-grass\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSorghastrum nutans\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/galium-boreale-northern-bedstraw\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGalium boreale\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cem\u003eHypoxis hirsuta\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eZygadenus elegans\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/amorpha-canescens-lead-plant\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAmorpha canescens\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/asclepias-viridflora-short-green-milkweed\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAsclepias viridiflora\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cem\u003eCoreopsis spp.\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/oxalis-violacea-violet-wood-sorrel\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eOxalis violacea\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePhlox spp.\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/yellow-coneflower-ratibida-pinnata\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eRatibida pinnata\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-native\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eNative range \u0026amp; C-value\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase15=\"range-scope\"\u003eState nativity describes a broad range. Use the Chicago-region assessment for local context; a state listing does not establish county nativity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eWetland indicator — NWPL 2022 Midwest\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eFACU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eC-value — Chicago region, Flora 2017\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003e10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eChicago-region native — Flora 2017\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eNative range — U.S. states\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eArkansas; Colorado; Connecticut; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; Pennsylvania; South Dakota; Tennessee; Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eCounty nativity\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eNot yet verified; occurrence records do not establish nativity.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-wildlife\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003ePollinators \u0026amp; wildlife\u003cspan style=\"display:block;font-size:.85em;font-weight:400\"\u003eNo verified list yet\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo additional named relationships have been verified for this listing.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-faq\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eFrequently asked questions\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"faq-accordion\" style=\"margin-top:20px\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat are the ideal growing conditions for Northern Dropseed?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLight: Full sun. Soil moisture: Mesic to dry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow do I germinate and establish Northern Dropseed from seed?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUSDA lists cold stratification as not required; seed-lot response may vary.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIs Northern Dropseed deer and herbivore resistant?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeer resistance reported in cultivation guidance; browsing remains possible. Even plants described as resistant may be browsed. Use physical protection where deer damage is a concern.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhen should I expect Northern Dropseed to bloom?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTypical flowering period: Usually August–September (Morton Arboretum account). Timing varies with location and weather.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-sources\" id=\"nc-phase7-sources\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eSources \u0026amp; ecological notes\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_SOURCES_START --\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase24=\"companion-sources\" style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLandscape companion selection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Natural Communities compared the growing requirements shown on these species pages with selected source records: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopn.library.illinois.edu\/journals\/inhs\/article\/view\/103\"\u003eGravel prairie crest grasses — Rock River, Winnebago County, Illinois\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/publish.illinois.edu\/tallgrass-prairie\/references\/plant-species-at-three-black-soil-prairie-remnants-in-central-illinois\/\"\u003eMesic black-soil prairie — Loda Cemetery Prairie — Central Illinois\u003c\/a\u003e. The shortlist is a planting-design inference. A shared record does not establish adjacency, identical soil requirements, local seed origin, or a tested planting combination. Regional synthesis records retain their documented focal-to-associate scope.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_SOURCES_END --\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIllinois communities \u0026amp; local records:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/publish.illinois.edu\/tallgrass-prairie\/references\/plant-species-at-three-black-soil-prairie-remnants-in-central-illinois\/\"\u003eINHS: Loda, Prospect and Weston prairie records\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopn.library.illinois.edu\/journals\/inhs\/article\/view\/103\"\u003eINHS: Illinois sand-area plant communities\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNative range \u0026amp; ecological ratings:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/universalfqa.org\/get\/database\/80\"\u003eFlora of the Chicago Region (2017), via Universal FQA\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/c750f92594f4376bdb14f68aa3c2c9174c85d5bf\/data-raw\/FQA_databases\/not_from_universal_calc\/chicago_region_2017.xlsx\"\u003eUSACE Chicago FQA (2017)\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1026241-2\"\u003eKew WCVP \/ Plants of the World Online\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/nwpl.sec.usace.army.mil\/static\/reports\/2022_NWPL_MW.xlsx\"\u003eUSACE National Wetland Plant List\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrowing conditions \u0026amp; other references:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.illinoiswildflowers.info\/grasses\/plants\/pr_dropseed.htm\"\u003eIllinois Wildflowers, John Hilty\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/mortonarb.org\/plant-and-protect\/trees-and-plants\/prairie-dropseed\/\"\u003eMorton Arboretum\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/feis\/species-reviews\/bouhir\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: Bouteloua hirsuta\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/feis\/species-reviews\/dalpur\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: Dalea purpurea\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/feis\/species-reviews\/spohet\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: Sporobolus heterolepis\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/plants.sc.egov.usda.gov\/plant-profile\/SPHE\"\u003eUSDA NRCS PLANTS\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/healthylakeswi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/366\/2023\/02\/NativePlantGuide-sm.pdf\"\u003ePatrick Goggin: Wisconsin native plant guide, p. 75\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/database\/feis\/plants\/shrub\/amocan\/all.html\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: species review\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/plants.ces.ncsu.edu\/plants\/sporobolus-heterolepis\/\"\u003eNC State Extension Plant Toolbox\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003eNative range does not identify the origin of the seed or plants offered. Community and wildlife records apply to the locations and conditions described.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdetails class=\"nc-source-data\" data-nc-technical=\"true\" style=\"margin:12px 0 0;border-top:1px solid #b8cbbf;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"cursor:pointer;padding:12px 0;font:inherit;font-weight:600;color:#173d2b\"\u003eResearch notes \u0026amp; credits\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 0 8px;font:inherit;line-height:1.5\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/c750f92594f4376bdb14f68aa3c2c9174c85d5bf\/data-raw\/FQA_databases\/not_from_universal_calc\/chicago_region_2017.xlsx\"\u003eUSACE\/ERDC fqadata — Chicago Region FQA 2017\u003c\/a\u003e. Herman, B., Sliwinski, R. \u0026amp; Whitaker, S. (2017), Chicago Region FQA Calculator; distributed by USACE\/ERDC in fqadata under CC0. Values may differ from Flora of the Chicago Region (2017). \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/master\/LICENSE.md\"\u003eCC0 dedication\u003c\/a\u003e. Retained for comparison; the displayed C-value follows Flora database 80.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003eRange data: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1026241-2\"\u003eWorld Checklist of Vascular Plants\u003c\/a\u003e, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; 4 June 2026 release, accessed 7 September 2026. © The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/\"\u003eCC BY 3.0\u003c\/a\u003e; selected and reformatted. Kew cannot warrant the quality or accuracy of these data. This use has no Kew endorsement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSource: Phillippe, L.R., Molano-Flores, B., Murphy, M.J.C., Marcum, P.B. \u0026amp; Ebinger, J.E. (2011), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopn.library.illinois.edu\/journals\/inhs\/article\/view\/103\"\u003eStatus of Endangered and Threatened Sand Area Species of the Illinois Flora\u003c\/a\u003e, Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 39(4):259–296. © 2011 University of Illinois Board of Trustees; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\"\u003eCC BY 4.0\u003c\/a\u003e. Selected community facts regrouped and described by Natural Communities. Historical source names retained; no current legal conservation status is asserted.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003eFlora rating attribution: Kenneth Johnson (2018), Flora of the Chicago Region UFQA Database, following Gerould Wilhelm and Laura Rericha (2017), Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Individual rating facts are presented with original commentary; the calculator’s software license is not treated as a license for the underlying Flora publication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"copy-sources\"\u003eGrowing guidance: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/extension.illinois.edu\/blogs\/good-growing\/2026-07-31-keeping-deer-out-yard-and-garden\"\u003eIllinois Extension — Keeping deer out of the yard and garden\u003c\/a\u003e. Selected facts in original wording. General deer advice is not a species resistance rating.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Natural Communities LLC","offers":[{"title":"Plants \/ #1 Pot","offer_id":51547012137191,"sku":"22433.1G","price":15.3,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Plants \/ #1 Pot.","offer_id":51547012169959,"sku":"SPOHET1","price":26.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 10 Pint Flat","offer_id":51547012104423,"sku":"22433.PT","price":88.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Plants \/ 32 Plug Flat","offer_id":51547012038887,"sku":"SPOHET-32","price":115.2,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 38 Plug Flat","offer_id":51547012006119,"sku":"22433.38","price":140.6,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Plants \/ 50 Plug Flat","offer_id":50886928367847,"sku":"SPOHET50","price":175.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 50 Flat","offer_id":52356224614631,"sku":"SPOHET50-PA","price":175.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Plants \/ 50 Plugs","offer_id":51547011973351,"sku":"SPOHET50_STC","price":175.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 50-Plug Flat","offer_id":51547012071655,"sku":"SPOHET-50","price":180.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.01 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547011776743,"sku":"SPOHET-A","price":4.8,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.1 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547011809511,"sku":"Spohet-B","price":48.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.25 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547011842279,"sku":"Spohet-C","price":120.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.5 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547011875047,"sku":"Spohet-D","price":240.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.75 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547011907815,"sku":"Spohet-E","price":360.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 1 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547011940583,"sku":"Spohet-F","price":480.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0672\/8825\/products\/IMG_0047.JPG?v=1756683068"},{"product_id":"geranium-maculatum-wild-geranium","title":"Geranium maculatum (Wild Geranium)","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"nc-phase7\" style=\"line-height:1.65;overflow-wrap:anywhere\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWild geranium (\u003cem\u003eGeranium maculatum\u003c\/em\u003e) bears pink to lilac flowers in spring and early summer above deeply divided leaves. It fits woodland edges, lightly shaded borders, and native gardens where spring flowers are followed by leafy ground cover. Bees and other pollinators visit the blooms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvide partial sun or light shade and soil that retains some moisture without staying waterlogged. Established plants can tolerate limited drying, but heat and drought may leave the foliage worn or cause it to decline in summer. Do not rely on wild geranium alone to keep a bed fully covered through a hot, dry season.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe perennial rootstock can produce nearby shoots and small colonies. Plant in groups with room for that gradual expansion. The pointed seed capsules that follow the flowers give the plant another common name, cranesbill.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plant-specs-table nc-chart\" style=\"margin:24px 0;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 style=\"margin:0;padding:16px;background:#214c36;color:white;font-size:1.2em\"\u003ePlant specifications \u0026amp; ecological relationships\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"nc-key-facts\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin:0;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font-size:1em;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4\"\u003eKey growing facts\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSunlight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003ePartial sun to light shade\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSoil moisture\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eMoist to slightly dry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eHeight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003e1-2½ ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eBloom season\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eLate spring to early summer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_COMPANIONS_START --\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"nc-landscape-companions\" data-nc-phase24=\"companions\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin:0;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font-size:1em;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4\"\u003eNative landscape companions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor partial sun \/ light shade and mesic soil, consider these native plants alongside Geranium maculatum:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf\"\u003eCompanion plant\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf\"\u003eHeight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/polystichum-acrostichoides-christmas-fern\"\u003eChristmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e1½–2½ ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/maianthemum-racemosum-solomons-plume\"\u003eFalse Solomon's Seal, Solomon's Plume (Smilacina racemosa)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003eUp to 2½ ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/carex-rosea-curly-styled-wood-sedge\"\u003eCurly-styled Wood Sedge (Carex rosea)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e8 to 36 inches\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/actaea-pachypoda-dolls-eyes-white-baneberry\"\u003eDoll's-Eyes, White Baneberry (Actaea pachypoda)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e1–2½ ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:12px 0 0;font-size:.92em\"\u003eThese landscape suggestions combine overlapping growing needs with documented plant associations. Match soil, seasonal wetness and mature spread to your site. Remnant records are described separately under Plant communities \u0026amp; associates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_COMPANIONS_END --\u003e\n\u003cdetails class=\"nc-growing\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eGrowing \u0026amp; planting details\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eGrowth habit\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eLoose clusters of leaves and flowering stems from a creeping rootstock; often forms colonies\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eRoot form\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eStout creeping rootstock with rhizomes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSoil pH\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003ePublished cultivation guidance lists acidic, neutral soil conditions; no optimal numeric interval is established.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eCultivation hardiness zones\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eZones 3a–11b (general cultivation guidance)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eDeer browsing\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eWhite-tailed deer occasionally browse the foliage.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003ePlant identification \u0026amp; seed reference\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eBotanical name\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eGeranium maculatum\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eOther common names\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003ewild geranium; Cranesbill; Crane's Bill Geranium; Spotted Geranium; Wild Geranium\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003ePlant family\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eGeraniaceae\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-plants\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003ePlant communities \u0026amp; associates\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003csection data-nc-phase12=\"INHS-MIDDLE-FORK-2008\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eIllinois woodland and stream communities\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiddle Fork Woods, Vermilion County (1999–2002 survey). Recorded in: mesic ravine forest; dry upland bluff — east-facing river slope; dry upland bluff — west-facing creek slope; dry-mesic upland forest — immature second growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMesic ravine forest — selected native associates:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"\/products\/phlox-divaricata-wild-blue-phlox\"\u003ePhlox divaricata\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/asarum-canadense-wild-ginger\"\u003eAsarum canadense\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/podophyllum-peltatum-mayapple\"\u003ePodophyllum peltatum\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry upland bluff — east-facing river slope — selected native associates:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"\/products\/carex-pensylvanica-common-oak-sedge\"\u003eCarex pensylvanica\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/carex-rosea-curly-styled-wood-sedge\"\u003eCarex rosea\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/bromus-pubescens-hairy-woodland-brome\"\u003eBromus pubescens\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-size:.93em\"\u003eThese plants share a recorded habitat; they were not necessarily found in the same small plot.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003csection id=\"nc-phase5-741be8c4cdb0-associates\" data-nc-ecology=\"true\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eOther regional plant communities\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"rte\" style=\"font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese plants are named with this species in published vegetation accounts. Each list keeps its community and region; some records describe a shared vegetation type rather than neighboring plants in a measured plot. They are ecological records, not a planting recipe, and may include plants unsuitable for a particular garden.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eSubmesic oak forest\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (South Carolina coastal plain):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/quercus-rubra-red-oak\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuercus rubra\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/quercus-alba-white-oak\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuercus alba\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cem\u003eCarya glabra\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/liriodendron-tulipifera-tulip-tree\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eLiriodendron tulipifera\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cem\u003eCalycanthus floridus\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/redbud-tree-cercis-canadensis\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCercis canadensis\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/polystichum-acrostichoides-christmas-fern\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePolystichum acrostichoides\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/sanguinaria-canadensis-bloodroot\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSanguinaria canadensis\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cem\u003eLigusticum canadense\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/actaea-racemosa-cimicifuga-racemosa-black-cohosh-black-snakeroot\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCimicifuga racemosa\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eForest canopy and understory associates\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Eastern North America; account synthesis):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/quercus-alba-white-oak\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuercus alba\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/fagus-grandifolia-american-beech\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eFagus grandifolia\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/liriodendron-tulipifera-tulip-tree\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eLiriodendron tulipifera\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/acer-rubrum-red-maple\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAcer rubrum\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cem\u003eBetula lenta\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/prunus-serotina-wild-black-cherry\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePrunus serotina\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/quercus-rubra-red-oak\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eQuercus rubra\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/carya-ovata-shagbark-hickory\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCarya ovata\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cem\u003eFraxinus americana\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/ostrya-virginiana-ironwood\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eOstrya virginiana\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/acer-saccharum-sugar-maple\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAcer saccharum\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cem\u003eUlmus americana\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePolygonatum pubescens\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/maianthemum-racemosum-solomons-plume\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSmilacina racemosa\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/anemonella-thalictroides-rue-anemone\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnemonella thalictroides\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cem\u003eCarex spp.\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/uvularia-grandiflora-bellwort\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eUvularia grandiflora\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-native\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eNative range \u0026amp; C-value\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase15=\"range-scope\"\u003eState nativity describes a broad range. Use the Chicago-region assessment for local context; a state listing does not establish county nativity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eWetland indicator — NWPL 2022 Midwest\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eFACU\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eC-value — Chicago region, Flora 2017\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003e5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eChicago-region native — Flora 2017\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eNative range — U.S. states\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eAlabama; Arkansas; Connecticut; Delaware; Florida; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Nebraska; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New York; North Carolina; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Vermont; Virginia; West Virginia; Wisconsin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eCounty nativity\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eNot yet verified; occurrence records do not establish nativity.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-wildlife\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003ePollinators \u0026amp; wildlife\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csection id=\"nc-phase5-741be8c4cdb0-hosts\" data-nc-ecology=\"true\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eCaterpillars \u0026amp; other plant-feeding insects\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"rte\" style=\"font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis plant has published caterpillar host records for the butterflies and moths listed below. These are larval feeding relationships, separate from adult nectar visits. The records span a North American literature compilation and do not establish that every insect occurs locally or uses only this plant.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.08em;line-height:1.4\"\u003eMoths\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:1.3em\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eChloridea virescens\u003c\/em\u003e — Tobacco Budworm Moth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eSphenarches anisodactylus\u003c\/em\u003e \u003csmall\u003e(listed as introduced in the source)\u003c\/small\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-faq\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eFrequently asked questions\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"faq-accordion\" style=\"margin-top:20px\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat are the ideal growing conditions for Wild Geranium?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLight: Partial sun to light shade. Soil moisture: Moist to slightly dry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIs Wild Geranium deer and herbivore resistant?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhite-tailed deer occasionally browse the foliage. Even plants described as resistant may be browsed. Use physical protection where deer damage is a concern.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhen should I expect Wild Geranium to bloom?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTypical flowering period: Late spring to early summer. Timing varies with location and weather.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-sources\" id=\"nc-phase7-sources\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eSources \u0026amp; ecological notes\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_SOURCES_START --\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase24=\"companion-sources\" style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLandscape companion selection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Natural Communities compared the growing requirements shown on these species pages with selected source records: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopn.library.illinois.edu\/journals\/inhs\/article\/view\/116\"\u003eMesic ravine forest — East-central Illinois\u003c\/a\u003e. The shortlist is a planting-design inference. A shared record does not establish adjacency, identical soil requirements, local seed origin, or a tested planting combination. Regional synthesis records retain their documented focal-to-associate scope.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_SOURCES_END --\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-nc-phase12=\"source\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIllinois woodland records:\u003c\/strong\u003e Larimore, Phillippe \u0026amp; Ebinger (2008), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopn.library.illinois.edu\/journals\/inhs\/article\/view\/116\"\u003eMiddle Fork Woods flora\u003c\/a\u003e, Appendix I. © 2008 University of Illinois Board of Trustees, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\"\u003eCC BY 4.0\u003c\/a\u003e. Habitat records transcribed, selected and linked to catalog names by Natural Communities. Survey: 1999–2002.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNative range \u0026amp; ecological ratings:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/universalfqa.org\/get\/database\/80\"\u003eFlora of the Chicago Region (2017), via Universal FQA\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/c750f92594f4376bdb14f68aa3c2c9174c85d5bf\/data-raw\/FQA_databases\/not_from_universal_calc\/chicago_region_2017.xlsx\"\u003eUSACE Chicago FQA (2017)\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:322491-2\"\u003eKew WCVP \/ Plants of the World Online\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/nwpl.sec.usace.army.mil\/static\/reports\/2022_NWPL_MW.xlsx\"\u003eUSACE National Wetland Plant List\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrowing conditions \u0026amp; other references:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.illinoiswildflowers.info\/woodland\/plants\/wild_geranium.htm\"\u003eIllinois Wildflowers, John Hilty\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/feis\/species-reviews\/germac\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: Geranium maculatum\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/healthylakeswi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/366\/2023\/02\/NativePlantGuide-sm.pdf\"\u003ePatrick Goggin: Wisconsin native plant guide, p. 75\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/plants.ces.ncsu.edu\/plants\/geranium-maculatum\/\"\u003eNC State Extension Plant Toolbox\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWildlife records:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\"\u003eShropshire \u0026amp; Tallamy: caterpillar hosts (2025)\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003eNative range does not identify the origin of the seed or plants offered. Community and wildlife records apply to the locations and conditions described.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdetails class=\"nc-source-data\" data-nc-technical=\"true\" style=\"margin:12px 0 0;border-top:1px solid #b8cbbf;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"cursor:pointer;padding:12px 0;font:inherit;font-weight:600;color:#173d2b\"\u003eResearch notes \u0026amp; credits\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 0 8px;font:inherit;line-height:1.5\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/c750f92594f4376bdb14f68aa3c2c9174c85d5bf\/data-raw\/FQA_databases\/not_from_universal_calc\/chicago_region_2017.xlsx\"\u003eUSACE\/ERDC fqadata — Chicago Region FQA 2017\u003c\/a\u003e. Herman, B., Sliwinski, R. \u0026amp; Whitaker, S. (2017), Chicago Region FQA Calculator; distributed by USACE\/ERDC in fqadata under CC0. Values may differ from Flora of the Chicago Region (2017). \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/master\/LICENSE.md\"\u003eCC0 dedication\u003c\/a\u003e. Retained for comparison; the displayed C-value follows Flora database 80.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003eRange data: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:322491-2\"\u003eWorld Checklist of Vascular Plants\u003c\/a\u003e, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; 4 June 2026 release, accessed 7 September 2026. © The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/\"\u003eCC BY 3.0\u003c\/a\u003e; selected and reformatted. Kew cannot warrant the quality or accuracy of these data. This use has no Kew endorsement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaterpillar host records:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shropshire, K.J. \u0026amp; Tallamy, D.W. (2025), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\"\u003eLepidoptera of North America, Supplement 1\u003c\/a\u003e. Contains information from this database made available under the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/opendatacommons.org\/licenses\/odbl\/1-0\/\"\u003eOpen Database License (ODbL 1.0)\u003c\/a\u003e. Natural Communities selected species-level records and screened source qualifications. The complete selection and transformation instructions for this page are available below under the same license.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003eFlora rating attribution: Kenneth Johnson (2018), Flora of the Chicago Region UFQA Database, following Gerould Wilhelm and Laura Rericha (2017), Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Individual rating facts are presented with original commentary; the calculator’s software license is not treated as a license for the underlying Flora publication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"nc-readable-research\" data-nc-format=\"json\" style=\"margin:18px 0 0;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px solid #b8cbbf;font:inherit\" data-nc-title=\"Natural Communities selected host records for Geranium maculatum\" data-nc-source=\"Shropshire, K.J. \u0026amp; Tallamy, D.W. (2025). Lepidoptera of North America, north of Mexico: an annotated list containing geographic ranges and host-plant records. Supplement 1.\" data-nc-source-doi=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\" data-nc-download=\"https:\/\/binary.pensoft.net\/file\/1478226\" data-nc-source-sha256=\"250a11ec19c89f81374af3bc632f6897491cbe540edb09ccdaf298dc73bf9472\" data-nc-license=\"ODbL-1.0\" data-nc-license-url=\"https:\/\/opendatacommons.org\/licenses\/odbl\/1-0\/\" data-nc-method=\"Complete machine-readable selection and alteration file under ODbL section 4.6(b). In source worksheet UDELep May 2025, select only rows whose column A UDLepID appears in selection. Each selection entry contains [retained source plant names, selected insect IDs]. Create one record per selected ID and retained plant name; these are reported larval hosts. Scientific insect name is the first two whitespace-separated tokens of column H; common name is E; source category is AB. Other source fields are unchanged and are not part of this derived table. No other rows or host pairs are used on this page. Group Butterfly and Skipper categories together, and other categories as moths; retain exotic category labels. Display names are sorted by scientific insect name.\" data-nc-plant=\"Geranium maculatum\" data-nc-scope=\"Host literature synthesis; no county nativity or local insect occurrence inferred.\"\u003e\u003ch4 style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:1em;color:#173d2b\"\u003eCaterpillar research records\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlant: \u003c\/strong\u003eGeranium maculatum\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecord scope: \u003c\/strong\u003eHost literature synthesis; no county nativity or local insect occurrence inferred.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\"\u003eShropshire \u0026amp; Tallamy (2025)\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/binary.pensoft.net\/file\/1478226\"\u003eOriginal research dataset\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/opendatacommons.org\/licenses\/odbl\/1-0\/\"\u003eReuse license: ODbL-1.0\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"overflow-x:auto;margin:12px 0\"\u003e\u003ctable data-nc-table=\"selection\" cellpadding=\"6\" style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font:inherit;text-align:left\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" data-nc-column=\"plant_names\" style=\"padding:8px;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf;background:#edf3ed;text-align:left;font-weight:600\"\u003ePlant names in the source\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" data-nc-column=\"insect_ids\" style=\"padding:8px;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf;background:#edf3ed;text-align:left;font-weight:600\"\u003eSource insect record IDs\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-plant-name=\"true\"\u003eGeranium maculatum\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\n\u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e202876\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e211627\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch4 style=\"margin:16px 0 8px;font-size:1em;color:#173d2b\"\u003eHow these records were selected\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003eTo reproduce this selection, use the “UDELep May 2025” worksheet in the original research dataset.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col style=\"padding-left:1.4em;margin:0;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eMatch the insect record IDs above to column A (UDLepID). Within each table row, pair every listed insect ID with every listed source plant name.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eUse the first two words in column H for the insect’s scientific name, column E for its common name, and column AB for its source category.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eTreat the selected pairs as reported caterpillar host records. Keep all other source fields unchanged and outside this selected table. Include no other rows or host pairs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eGroup butterflies and skippers together, and the other categories as moths. Retain the source’s exotic-category labels and sort display names by scientific insect name.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"copy-sources\"\u003eGrowing guidance: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/extension.illinois.edu\/blogs\/good-growing\/2026-07-31-keeping-deer-out-yard-and-garden\"\u003eIllinois Extension — Keeping deer out of the yard and garden\u003c\/a\u003e. Selected facts in original wording. General deer advice is not a species resistance rating.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 dir=\"auto\" style=\"font-size:1.3em;line-height:1.35;margin:1.6em 0 .65em;color:#183d2b\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan color=\"#f44336\" style=\"color: #f44336\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eThis perennial plant is a short plant. What a nice woodland garden plant that can produce great patches of white and pink in your woodland garden.  This is a staple of many woodlands and full sun native gardens.\u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFlower Color White-Pink\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFlower Time April-July\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Natural Communities LLC","offers":[{"title":"Plants \/ #1 Pot","offer_id":51547010269415,"sku":"22588.1G","price":17.7,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 1G Pot","offer_id":51547010302183,"sku":"GERMAC1G-PA","price":11.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 10 Pint Flat","offer_id":51547010236647,"sku":"22588.PT","price":88.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Plants \/ 32 Plug Flat","offer_id":51547010203879,"sku":"GERMAC-32","price":160.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 32 Flat","offer_id":51547010334951,"sku":"GERMAC32-PA","price":121.6,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 38 Plug Flat","offer_id":51547010171111,"sku":"22588.38","price":140.6,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 50 Plug Flat","offer_id":50886904807655,"sku":"GERMAC50","price":210.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 50 Flat","offer_id":51547010400487,"sku":"GERMAC50-PA","price":190.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 25 Pack Medium Bare Root","offer_id":51547010138343,"sku":"GERMAC-BR25","price":75.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 50 Pack Medium Bare Root","offer_id":51547010105575,"sku":"GERMAC-BR50","price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 50-Pack Large Bare Roots","offer_id":51582745870567,"sku":"GERMAC-BR50L","price":165.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.01 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547009908967,"sku":"GERMAC-A","price":40.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.1 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547009941735,"sku":"Germac-B","price":400.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.25 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547009974503,"sku":"Germac-C","price":1000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.5 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547010007271,"sku":"Germac-D","price":2000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.75 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547010040039,"sku":"Germac-E","price":3000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 1 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547010072807,"sku":"Germac-F","price":4000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0672\/8825\/products\/DETA-2177.jpeg?v=1756682785"},{"product_id":"carex-pensylvanica-common-oak-sedge","title":"Carex pensylvanica (Common Oak Sedge or Pennsylvania sedge)","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"nc-phase7\" style=\"line-height:1.65;overflow-wrap:anywhere\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePennsylvania sedge (\u003cem\u003eCarex pensylvanica\u003c\/em\u003e), also called common oak sedge, forms a low layer of fine, arching leaves beneath trees. Short rhizomes gradually connect small clumps into a loose groundcover. Its understated spring flowers are less noticeable than the foliage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUse it in partial to full shade with well-drained soil that is average to dry. It is a useful choice for a woodland garden where many moisture-loving sedges would be poorly suited.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a lightly used shaded area, it can replace part of a conventional lawn with a less frequently mown planting. It will not withstand regular foot traffic like turfgrass. Keep a path through areas used for walking, and control weeds while the young clumps fill in.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plant-specs-table nc-chart\" style=\"margin:24px 0;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 style=\"margin:0;padding:16px;background:#214c36;color:white;font-size:1.2em\"\u003ePlant specifications \u0026amp; ecological relationships\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"nc-key-facts\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin:0;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font-size:1em;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4\"\u003eKey growing facts\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSunlight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003ePartial or filtered sunlight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSoil moisture\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eMesic to dry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eHeight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eAbout ½–1¼ ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eBloom season\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eMid- to late spring\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_COMPANIONS_START --\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"nc-landscape-companions\" data-nc-phase24=\"companions\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin:0;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font-size:1em;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4\"\u003eNative landscape companions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor partial sun \/ light shade and dry-mesic soil, consider these native plants alongside Carex pensylvanica:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf\"\u003eCompanion plant\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf\"\u003eHeight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/podophyllum-peltatum-mayapple\"\u003eMayapple or May Apple (Podophyllum peltatum)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e1–1½ ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/polystichum-acrostichoides-christmas-fern\"\u003eChristmas Fern (Polystichum acrostichoides)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e1½–2½ ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/carex-rosea-curly-styled-wood-sedge\"\u003eCurly-styled Wood Sedge (Carex rosea)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e8 to 36 inches\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/pedicularis-canadensis-wood-betony-or-canadian-lousewort\"\u003eWood Betony or Canadian Lousewort (Pedicularis canadensis)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e½–1 ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:12px 0 0;font-size:.92em\"\u003eThese landscape suggestions combine overlapping growing needs with documented plant associations. Match soil, seasonal wetness and mature spread to your site. Remnant records are described separately under Plant communities \u0026amp; associates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_COMPANIONS_END --\u003e\n\u003cdetails class=\"nc-growing\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eGrowing \u0026amp; planting details\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eGrowth habit\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eGround-covering sedge; the guide reports 3–8 inches of annual spread, depending on soil moisture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eRoot form\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eLong stolons near the soil surface\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSoil pH\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003ePublished cultivation guidance lists acidic, neutral soil conditions; no optimal numeric interval is established.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eCultivation hardiness zones\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eZones 3a–8b (general cultivation guidance)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eDrought tolerance\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eDrought tolerance reported in cultivation guidance; establishment needs and duration are not specified.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eDeer browsing\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eDeer resistance reported in cultivation guidance; browsing remains possible.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003ePlant identification \u0026amp; seed reference\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eBotanical name\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eCarex pensylvanica\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eOther common names\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003ecommon oak sedge; Oak Sedge; Pennsylvania Sedge; Plantainleaf Sedge; Seersucker Sedge\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003ePlant family\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eCyperaceae\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003csection\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003ePlant characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDo you know how important Carex pensylvanica is to our woodlands? Carex pensylvanica (Oak Sedge or \u003cspan\u003ePennsylvania sedge) is\u003c\/span\u003e quite possibly the second keystone species next to oaks in the oak woodlands.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCarex pensylvanica deposit mass amounts of organic material in the savanna and woodland ecosystem soils, this spongy organic material hold mass amounts of moisture, water has the highest specific heat of any liquid so it keeps those ground temps very even keel, those even temps and moisture are needed to grow beneficial \u003cspan\u003emycorrhizal fungi\u003c\/span\u003e, that perfect soil climate and also grows ant larvae. Ants are major players in woodland flower pollination and seed dispersal. Woodland flowers rely on this pollination and dispersal, woodland ecosystems rely on wildflowers, wildflowers rely on oaks providing shelter and shade, oak woodlands rely on ants, ants rely on Carex pensylvanica, Carex penslyvanica rely on oak woodlands, mycorrhizal fungi connect the whole system through intracate networks of nutrient flow, oak woodlands support the planet, humans rely on the planet as our home 😁\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #ff0000\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eThe benefits are not lost in landscaping, Carex pensylvanica (Common Oak Sedge) is one of our favorite native sedge for forming ground covers in part shade situations. Planted densely it can form swirling dense mats of lush grass foliage, which looks good enough to sleep on. Use this native sedge between pavers to great effect or in clumps in dappled light in woodland gardens.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFlower Color Green\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFlower Time April-May\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-plants\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003ePlant communities \u0026amp; associates\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003csection data-nc-phase12=\"INHS-SAND-RIDGE-2012\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eChicago-region plant communities\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSand Ridge Savanna, Will County (2007–2009 study). Recorded in: wet-mesic sand prairie.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWet-mesic sand prairie — selected native associates:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"\/products\/sorghastrum-nutans-indian-grass\"\u003eSorghastrum nutans\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/parthenium-integrifolium-wild-quinine\"\u003eParthenium integrifolium\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/liatris-spicata-dense-blazing-star-marsh-blazing-star\"\u003eLiatris spicata\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-size:.93em\"\u003eThese records come from sampled communities within the preserve.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003csection data-nc-phase12=\"INHS-MIDDLE-FORK-2008\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eIllinois woodland and stream communities\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiddle Fork Woods, Vermilion County (1999–2002 survey). Recorded in: dry-mesic upland forest — mature second growth; dry-mesic savanna — old growth with canopy closure; dry upland bluff — east-facing river slope; dry upland bluff — west-facing creek slope; dry-mesic upland forest — immature second growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry-mesic upland forest — mature second growth — selected native associates:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"\/products\/carex-rosea-curly-styled-wood-sedge\"\u003eCarex rosea\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/carex-blanda-common-wood-sedge\"\u003eCarex blanda\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/bromus-pubescens-hairy-woodland-brome\"\u003eBromus pubescens\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry-mesic savanna — old growth with canopy closure — selected native associates:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"\/products\/bromus-pubescens-hairy-woodland-brome\"\u003eBromus pubescens\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/phlox-divaricata-wild-blue-phlox\"\u003ePhlox divaricata\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/podophyllum-peltatum-mayapple\"\u003ePodophyllum peltatum\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-size:.93em\"\u003eThese plants share a recorded habitat; they were not necessarily found in the same small plot.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003csection id=\"nc-phase5-1c16a92270ff-associates\" data-nc-ecology=\"true\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eOther regional plant communities\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"rte\" style=\"font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese plants are named with this species in published vegetation accounts. Each list keeps its community and region; some records describe a shared vegetation type rather than neighboring plants in a measured plot. They are ecological records, not a planting recipe, and may include plants unsuitable for a particular garden.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003ePrairies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Midwestern and eastern North America):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cem\u003eAndropogon gerardii var. gerardii\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/little-bluestem-schizachyrium-scoparium-or-andropogon-scoparius\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSchizachyrium scoparium\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePoa pratensis\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePascopyrum smithii\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eBouteloua gracilis\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eCarex filifolia\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin:12px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"display:block\"\u003eForest understory\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display:block\"\u003e (Great Lakes and New England):\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cem\u003ePinus banksiana\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eQuercus spp.\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePinus spp.\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eVaccinium spp.\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eGaylussacia spp.\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/products\/tilia-americana-american-basswood-or-american-linden\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTilia americana\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-native\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eNative range \u0026amp; C-value\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase15=\"range-scope\"\u003eState nativity describes a broad range. Use the Chicago-region assessment for local context; a state listing does not establish county nativity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eWetland indicator — Corps Chicago 2017 table\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eUPL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eC-value — Chicago region, Flora 2017\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003e5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eChicago-region native — Flora 2017\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eNative range — U.S. states\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eAlabama; Arkansas; Connecticut; Delaware; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kentucky; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Missouri; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New York; North Carolina; Ohio; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; South Dakota; Tennessee; Vermont; Virginia; West Virginia; Wisconsin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eCounty nativity\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eNot yet verified; occurrence records do not establish nativity.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-wildlife\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003ePollinators \u0026amp; wildlife\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csection id=\"nc-phase5-1c16a92270ff-hosts\" data-nc-ecology=\"true\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eCaterpillars \u0026amp; other plant-feeding insects\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"rte\" style=\"font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis plant has published caterpillar host records for the butterflies and moths listed below. These are larval feeding relationships, separate from adult nectar visits. The records span a North American literature compilation and do not establish that every insect occurs locally or uses only this plant.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.08em;line-height:1.4\"\u003eMoths\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:1.3em\"\u003e\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eAmolita roseola\u003c\/em\u003e — Pink Sedge Moth, Rosy Grass Moth\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-faq\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eFrequently asked questions\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"faq-accordion\" style=\"margin-top:20px\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat are the ideal growing conditions for Common Oak Sedge or Pennsylvania sedge?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLight: Partial or filtered sunlight. Soil moisture: Mesic to dry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIs Common Oak Sedge or Pennsylvania sedge deer and herbivore resistant?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeer resistance reported in cultivation guidance; browsing remains possible. Even plants described as resistant may be browsed. Use physical protection where deer damage is a concern.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhen should I expect Common Oak Sedge or Pennsylvania sedge to bloom?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTypical flowering period: Mid- to late spring. Timing varies with location and weather.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-sources\" id=\"nc-phase7-sources\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eSources \u0026amp; ecological notes\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_SOURCES_START --\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase24=\"companion-sources\" style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLandscape companion selection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Natural Communities compared the growing requirements shown on these species pages with selected source records: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopn.library.illinois.edu\/journals\/inhs\/article\/view\/116\"\u003eDry-mesic upland forest — mature second growth — East-central Illinois\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.illinoisplants.org\/images\/pub\/Erigenia_No_25_Spring2012.pdf\"\u003eWet-mesic sand prairie — Chicago region — Will County, Illinois\u003c\/a\u003e. The shortlist is a planting-design inference. A shared record does not establish adjacency, identical soil requirements, local seed origin, or a tested planting combination. Regional synthesis records retain their documented focal-to-associate scope.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_SOURCES_END --\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-nc-phase12=\"source\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWill County community records:\u003c\/strong\u003e Phillippe, Marcum \u0026amp; Ebinger (2012), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.illinoisplants.org\/images\/pub\/Erigenia_No_25_Spring2012.pdf\"\u003eSand Ridge Savanna vegetation\u003c\/a\u003e, Tables 1–5. Selected species and habitat facts independently organized; no open license is asserted for the article. Sampled communities are kept separate from the preserve’s seeded field.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase12=\"source\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIllinois woodland records:\u003c\/strong\u003e Larimore, Phillippe \u0026amp; Ebinger (2008), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopn.library.illinois.edu\/journals\/inhs\/article\/view\/116\"\u003eMiddle Fork Woods flora\u003c\/a\u003e, Appendix I. © 2008 University of Illinois Board of Trustees, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\"\u003eCC BY 4.0\u003c\/a\u003e. Habitat records transcribed, selected and linked to catalog names by Natural Communities. Survey: 1999–2002.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNative range \u0026amp; ecological ratings:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/universalfqa.org\/get\/database\/80\"\u003eFlora of the Chicago Region (2017), via Universal FQA\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/c750f92594f4376bdb14f68aa3c2c9174c85d5bf\/data-raw\/FQA_databases\/not_from_universal_calc\/chicago_region_2017.xlsx\"\u003eUSACE Chicago FQA (2017)\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30010283-2\"\u003eKew WCVP \/ Plants of the World Online\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrowing conditions \u0026amp; other references:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.illinoiswildflowers.info\/grasses\/plants\/pa_sedge.htm\"\u003eIllinois Wildflowers, John Hilty\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/feis\/species-reviews\/carpes\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: Carex pensylvanica\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/healthylakeswi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/366\/2023\/02\/NativePlantGuide-sm.pdf\"\u003ePatrick Goggin: Wisconsin native plant guide, p. 75\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/database\/feis\/plants\/shrub\/comper\/all.html\"\u003eUSDA Forest Service: species review\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/plants.ces.ncsu.edu\/plants\/carex-pensylvanica\/\"\u003eNC State Extension Plant Toolbox\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWildlife records:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\"\u003eShropshire \u0026amp; Tallamy: caterpillar hosts (2025)\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003eNative range does not identify the origin of the seed or plants offered. Community and wildlife records apply to the locations and conditions described.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdetails class=\"nc-source-data\" data-nc-technical=\"true\" style=\"margin:12px 0 0;border-top:1px solid #b8cbbf;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"cursor:pointer;padding:12px 0;font:inherit;font-weight:600;color:#173d2b\"\u003eResearch notes \u0026amp; credits\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 0 8px;font:inherit;line-height:1.5\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/c750f92594f4376bdb14f68aa3c2c9174c85d5bf\/data-raw\/FQA_databases\/not_from_universal_calc\/chicago_region_2017.xlsx\"\u003eUSACE\/ERDC fqadata — Chicago Region FQA 2017\u003c\/a\u003e. Herman, B., Sliwinski, R. \u0026amp; Whitaker, S. (2017), Chicago Region FQA Calculator; distributed by USACE\/ERDC in fqadata under CC0. Values may differ from Flora of the Chicago Region (2017). \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/master\/LICENSE.md\"\u003eCC0 dedication\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003eRange data: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30010283-2\"\u003eWorld Checklist of Vascular Plants\u003c\/a\u003e, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; 4 June 2026 release, accessed 7 September 2026. © The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/\"\u003eCC BY 3.0\u003c\/a\u003e; selected and reformatted. Kew cannot warrant the quality or accuracy of these data. This use has no Kew endorsement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaterpillar host records:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shropshire, K.J. \u0026amp; Tallamy, D.W. (2025), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\"\u003eLepidoptera of North America, Supplement 1\u003c\/a\u003e. Contains information from this database made available under the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/opendatacommons.org\/licenses\/odbl\/1-0\/\"\u003eOpen Database License (ODbL 1.0)\u003c\/a\u003e. Natural Communities selected species-level records and screened source qualifications. The complete selection and transformation instructions for this page are available below under the same license.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003eFlora rating attribution: Kenneth Johnson (2018), Flora of the Chicago Region UFQA Database, following Gerould Wilhelm and Laura Rericha (2017), Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Individual rating facts are presented with original commentary; the calculator’s software license is not treated as a license for the underlying Flora publication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"nc-readable-research\" data-nc-format=\"json\" style=\"margin:18px 0 0;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px solid #b8cbbf;font:inherit\" data-nc-title=\"Natural Communities selected host records for Carex pensylvanica\" data-nc-source=\"Shropshire, K.J. \u0026amp; Tallamy, D.W. (2025). Lepidoptera of North America, north of Mexico: an annotated list containing geographic ranges and host-plant records. Supplement 1.\" data-nc-source-doi=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\" data-nc-download=\"https:\/\/binary.pensoft.net\/file\/1478226\" data-nc-source-sha256=\"250a11ec19c89f81374af3bc632f6897491cbe540edb09ccdaf298dc73bf9472\" data-nc-license=\"ODbL-1.0\" data-nc-license-url=\"https:\/\/opendatacommons.org\/licenses\/odbl\/1-0\/\" data-nc-method=\"Complete machine-readable selection and alteration file under ODbL section 4.6(b). In source worksheet UDELep May 2025, select only rows whose column A UDLepID appears in selection. Each selection entry contains [retained source plant names, selected insect IDs]. Create one record per selected ID and retained plant name; these are reported larval hosts. Scientific insect name is the first two whitespace-separated tokens of column H; common name is E; source category is AB. Other source fields are unchanged and are not part of this derived table. No other rows or host pairs are used on this page. Group Butterfly and Skipper categories together, and other categories as moths; retain exotic category labels. Display names are sorted by scientific insect name.\" data-nc-plant=\"Carex pensylvanica\" data-nc-scope=\"Host literature synthesis; no county nativity or local insect occurrence inferred.\"\u003e\u003ch4 style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:1em;color:#173d2b\"\u003eCaterpillar research records\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlant: \u003c\/strong\u003eCarex pensylvanica\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecord scope: \u003c\/strong\u003eHost literature synthesis; no county nativity or local insect occurrence inferred.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\"\u003eShropshire \u0026amp; Tallamy (2025)\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/binary.pensoft.net\/file\/1478226\"\u003eOriginal research dataset\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/opendatacommons.org\/licenses\/odbl\/1-0\/\"\u003eReuse license: ODbL-1.0\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"overflow-x:auto;margin:12px 0\"\u003e\u003ctable data-nc-table=\"selection\" cellpadding=\"6\" style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font:inherit;text-align:left\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" data-nc-column=\"plant_names\" style=\"padding:8px;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf;background:#edf3ed;text-align:left;font-weight:600\"\u003ePlant names in the source\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" data-nc-column=\"insect_ids\" style=\"padding:8px;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf;background:#edf3ed;text-align:left;font-weight:600\"\u003eSource insect record IDs\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-plant-name=\"true\"\u003eCarex pensylvanica\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e200706\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch4 style=\"margin:16px 0 8px;font-size:1em;color:#173d2b\"\u003eHow these records were selected\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003eTo reproduce this selection, use the “UDELep May 2025” worksheet in the original research dataset.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col style=\"padding-left:1.4em;margin:0;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eMatch the insect record IDs above to column A (UDLepID). Within each table row, pair every listed insect ID with every listed source plant name.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eUse the first two words in column H for the insect’s scientific name, column E for its common name, and column AB for its source category.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eTreat the selected pairs as reported caterpillar host records. Keep all other source fields unchanged and outside this selected table. Include no other rows or host pairs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eGroup butterflies and skippers together, and the other categories as moths. Retain the source’s exotic-category labels and sort display names by scientific insect name.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"copy-sources\"\u003eGrowing guidance: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/extension.illinois.edu\/blogs\/good-growing\/2026-07-31-keeping-deer-out-yard-and-garden\"\u003eIllinois Extension — Keeping deer out of the yard and garden\u003c\/a\u003e. Selected facts in original wording. General deer advice is not a species resistance rating.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Natural Communities LLC","offers":[{"title":"#1 Pot","offer_id":50886963003623,"sku":"22544.1G","price":17.7,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 Pint Flat","offer_id":50886963101927,"sku":"22544.PT","price":88.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 Pint Flat.","offer_id":50886963134695,"sku":"20346.PT","price":55.6,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"24 FLAT (2.5\"x2.5\"x2\")","offer_id":52519315931367,"sku":"20346.03","price":82.56,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"32 Plug Flat","offer_id":50886963036391,"sku":"CXPENS-32","price":160.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"38 Plug Flat","offer_id":50886962970855,"sku":"22544.38","price":140.6,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"50 Plug Flat","offer_id":44503798350055,"sku":"CXPENS50","price":210.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"50 Plug Flat.","offer_id":50886963069159,"sku":"CXPENS-50","price":200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"50 Flat","offer_id":52356224286951,"sku":"CXPENS50-PA","price":210.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0672\/8825\/products\/1024px-CarexPensylvanica.jpg?v=1756682680"},{"product_id":"asclepias-tuberosa-butterfly-weed","title":"Asclepias tuberosa (Butterfly Milkweed)","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"nc-phase7\" style=\"line-height:1.65;overflow-wrap:anywhere\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eButterfly milkweed (\u003cem\u003eAsclepias tuberosa\u003c\/em\u003e) produces bright orange flowers in summer and grows best in full sun with well-drained soil. Plant it in a sunny border, pollinator garden, or dry prairie planting.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlants typically reach 1–2½ feet tall, with additional stems developing from the crown as they mature. Choose a permanent location: the deep taproot makes established plants difficult to transplant. Avoid low spots where water collects, since poorly drained soil can cause crown rot.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eButterflies and other pollinators visit the flowers for nectar. Monarch caterpillars feed on the leaves.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct options include seed, plug flats, and potted plants. Seed-grown plants may take two to three years to establish and flower.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plant-specs-table nc-chart\" style=\"margin:24px 0;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 style=\"margin:0;padding:16px;background:#214c36;color:white;font-size:1.2em\"\u003ePlant specifications \u0026amp; ecological relationships\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"nc-key-facts\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin:0;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font-size:1em;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4\"\u003eKey growing facts\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSunlight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eFull sun\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSoil moisture\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eMesic to dry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eHeight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003e1-2½ ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eBloom season\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eEarly to mid-summer; a second bloom sometimes occurs in late summer to early autumn\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_COMPANIONS_START --\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"nc-landscape-companions\" data-nc-phase24=\"companions\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin:0;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font-size:1em;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4\"\u003eNative landscape companions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor full sun and dry-mesic soil, consider these native plants alongside Asclepias tuberosa:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf\"\u003eCompanion plant\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf\"\u003eHeight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/solidago-nemoralis-old-field-goldenrod\"\u003eOld Field Goldenrod (Solidago nemoralis)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003eAbout ½-2½ ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/carex-bicknellii-copper-shouldered-oval-sedge\"\u003eCopper-shouldered Oval Sedge (Carex bicknellii)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003eAbout 1½–2½ ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/rudbeckia-hirta-black-eyed-susan\"\u003eBlack-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003eAbout 1-2½ ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/potentilla-arguta-prairie-cinquefoil\"\u003ePrairie Cinquefoil (Drymocallis arguta)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003ePlant size varies; the Montana account reports stems about 10–31 inches tall.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:12px 0 0;font-size:.92em\"\u003eThese landscape suggestions combine overlapping growing needs with documented plant associations. Match soil, seasonal wetness and mature spread to your site. Remnant records are described separately under Plant communities \u0026amp; associates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_COMPANIONS_END --\u003e\n\u003cdetails class=\"nc-growing\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eGrowing \u0026amp; planting details\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eGrowth habit\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eYoung plants have a single stem; older plants produce multiple stems from the taproot crown\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eRoot form\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eTaproot\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSoil pH\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003ePrefers acidic soil; numerical pH limits are not established\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eCultivation hardiness zones\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eZones 3a–9b (general cultivation guidance)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eDrought tolerance\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eDrought tolerance reported in cultivation guidance; establishment needs and duration are not specified.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eDeer browsing\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eDeer resistance reported in cultivation guidance; browsing remains possible.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSalt tolerance\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eSalt tolerance reported in cultivation guidance; dose and exposure route are not specified.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003ePlant toxicity\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003ePoison characteristics are reported; listed parts: flowers, fruits, leaves, roots, sap\/juice, stems. Pet safety is not established.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003ePlant identification \u0026amp; seed reference\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eBotanical name\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eAsclepias tuberosa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eOther common names\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003ebutterfly weed; Butterfly Milkweed; Butterfly Weed; Chiggerflower; Common Butterfly-weed; Indian Paintbrush; Milkweed; Pleurisy Root\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSeed germination\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eUSDA lists cold stratification as not required; seed-lot response may vary.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003ePlant family\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eAsclepiadaceae\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSeeds per pound — reference estimate\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003e70000\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-plants\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003ePlant communities \u0026amp; associates\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csection data-nc-phase9=\"blacksoil\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eIllinois plant communities\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMesic black-soil prairie — central Illinois\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRecorded at Loda Cemetery Prairie (Iroquois County), Prospect Cemetery Prairie (Ford County). INHS identifies these sites as remnants of this community.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelected native plants from the same remnant records:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"nc-associates\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/sorghastrum-nutans-indian-grass\"\u003eSorghastrum nutans\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/andropogon-gerardii-big-bluestem\"\u003eAndropogon gerardii\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/sporobolus-heterolepis-northern-dropseed\"\u003eSporobolus heterolepis\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/eryngium-yuccifolium-rattlesnake-master-1\"\u003eEryngium yuccifolium\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/silphium-laciniatum-compass-plant\"\u003eSilphium laciniatum\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/parthenium-integrifolium-wild-quinine\"\u003eParthenium integrifolium\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese inventories include edges and disturbed patches. Shared remnant records do not establish that every plant grows together in one microsite.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-native\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eNative range \u0026amp; C-value\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase15=\"range-scope\"\u003eState nativity describes a broad range. Use the Chicago-region assessment for local context; a state listing does not establish county nativity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eWetland indicator — Corps Chicago 2017 table\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eUPL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eC-value — Chicago region, Flora 2017\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003e8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eChicago-region native — Flora 2017\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eNative range — U.S. states\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eAlabama; Arizona; Arkansas; Colorado; Connecticut; Delaware; Florida; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Nebraska; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; Ohio; Oklahoma; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Texas; Utah; Vermont; Virginia; West Virginia; Wisconsin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eCounty nativity\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eCook County, Illinois — native-remnant population documented in the 2000 survey. Partial county coverage; other counties have not yet been assessed here.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-wildlife\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003ePollinators \u0026amp; wildlife\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003csection id=\"nc-phase5-a2cddb3a89b7-hosts\" data-nc-ecology=\"true\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eCaterpillars \u0026amp; other plant-feeding insects\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"rte\" style=\"font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis plant has published caterpillar host records for the butterflies and moths listed below. These are larval feeding relationships, separate from adult nectar visits. The records span a North American literature compilation and do not establish that every insect occurs locally or uses only this plant.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.08em;line-height:1.4\"\u003eButterflies \u0026amp; skippers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:1.3em\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eDanaus gilippus\u003c\/em\u003e — Queen \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eStrymon melinus\u003c\/em\u003e — Gray Hairstreak \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.08em;line-height:1.4\"\u003eMoths\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:1.3em\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eCycnia tenera\u003c\/em\u003e — Delicate Cycnia, Dogbane Tiger Moth \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eEuchaetes egle\u003c\/em\u003e — Milkweed Tussock Moth or Milkweed Tiger Moth \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003csection id=\"nc-phase4-a2cddb3a89b7-insects\" data-nc-ecology=\"true\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eOther insect \u0026amp; wildlife relationships\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"rte\" style=\"font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.08em;line-height:1.4\"\u003eCaterpillars this plant can feed\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonarch; Gray Hairstreak; Queen; Milkweed Tussock Moth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNectar:\u003c\/strong\u003e The flowers provide nectar for butterflies and other insects.\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csmall\u003eAdditional published species records; Illinois insect occurrence is not established by this account. These records do not guarantee that every insect occurs at your planting site.\u003c\/small\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-faq\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eFrequently asked questions\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"faq-accordion\" style=\"margin-top:20px\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat are the ideal growing conditions for Butterfly Milkweed?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLight: Full sun. Soil moisture: Mesic to dry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow do I germinate and establish Butterfly Milkweed from seed?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUSDA lists cold stratification as not required; seed-lot response may vary.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIs Butterfly Milkweed deer and herbivore resistant?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeer resistance reported in cultivation guidance; browsing remains possible. Even plants described as resistant may be browsed. Use physical protection where deer damage is a concern.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhen should I expect Butterfly Milkweed to bloom?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTypical flowering period: Early to mid-summer; a second bloom sometimes occurs in late summer to early autumn. Timing varies with location and weather.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-sources\" id=\"nc-phase7-sources\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eSources \u0026amp; ecological notes\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_SOURCES_START --\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase24=\"companion-sources\" style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLandscape companion selection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Natural Communities compared the growing requirements shown on these species pages with selected source records: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/publish.illinois.edu\/tallgrass-prairie\/references\/plant-species-at-three-black-soil-prairie-remnants-in-central-illinois\/\"\u003eMesic black-soil prairie — Loda Cemetery Prairie — Central Illinois\u003c\/a\u003e. The shortlist is a planting-design inference. A shared record does not establish adjacency, identical soil requirements, local seed origin, or a tested planting combination. Regional synthesis records retain their documented focal-to-associate scope.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_SOURCES_END --\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIllinois communities \u0026amp; local records:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/publish.illinois.edu\/tallgrass-prairie\/references\/plant-species-at-three-black-soil-prairie-remnants-in-central-illinois\/\"\u003eINHS: Loda, Prospect and Weston prairie records\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/dnr.illinois.gov\/content\/dam\/soi\/en\/web\/dnr\/grants\/documents\/wpfgrantreports\/2001027w.pdf\"\u003eShouba \u0026amp; Murray: Wolf Road Prairie, Cook County (2000)\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNative range \u0026amp; ecological ratings:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/universalfqa.org\/get\/database\/80\"\u003eFlora of the Chicago Region (2017), via Universal FQA\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/c750f92594f4376bdb14f68aa3c2c9174c85d5bf\/data-raw\/FQA_databases\/not_from_universal_calc\/chicago_region_2017.xlsx\"\u003eUSACE Chicago FQA (2017)\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:94704-1\"\u003eKew WCVP \/ Plants of the World Online\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrowing conditions \u0026amp; other references:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.illinoiswildflowers.info\/prairie\/plantx\/btf_milkweedx.htm\"\u003eIllinois Wildflowers, John Hilty\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/plants.sc.egov.usda.gov\/plant-profile\/ASTU\"\u003eUSDA NRCS PLANTS\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/healthylakeswi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/366\/2023\/02\/NativePlantGuide-sm.pdf\"\u003ePatrick Goggin: Wisconsin native plant guide, p. 75\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/plants.ces.ncsu.edu\/plants\/asclepias-tuberosa\/\"\u003eNC State Extension Plant Toolbox\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWildlife records:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\"\u003eShropshire \u0026amp; Tallamy: caterpillar hosts (2025)\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003eNative range does not identify the origin of the seed or plants offered. Community and wildlife records apply to the locations and conditions described.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdetails class=\"nc-source-data\" data-nc-technical=\"true\" style=\"margin:12px 0 0;border-top:1px solid #b8cbbf;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"cursor:pointer;padding:12px 0;font:inherit;font-weight:600;color:#173d2b\"\u003eResearch notes \u0026amp; credits\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 0 8px;font:inherit;line-height:1.5\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/c750f92594f4376bdb14f68aa3c2c9174c85d5bf\/data-raw\/FQA_databases\/not_from_universal_calc\/chicago_region_2017.xlsx\"\u003eUSACE\/ERDC fqadata — Chicago Region FQA 2017\u003c\/a\u003e. Herman, B., Sliwinski, R. \u0026amp; Whitaker, S. (2017), Chicago Region FQA Calculator; distributed by USACE\/ERDC in fqadata under CC0. Values may differ from Flora of the Chicago Region (2017). \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/master\/LICENSE.md\"\u003eCC0 dedication\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003eRange data: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:94704-1\"\u003eWorld Checklist of Vascular Plants\u003c\/a\u003e, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; 4 June 2026 release, accessed 7 September 2026. © The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/\"\u003eCC BY 3.0\u003c\/a\u003e; selected and reformatted. Kew cannot warrant the quality or accuracy of these data. This use has no Kew endorsement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaterpillar host records:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shropshire, K.J. \u0026amp; Tallamy, D.W. (2025), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\"\u003eLepidoptera of North America, Supplement 1\u003c\/a\u003e. Contains information from this database made available under the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/opendatacommons.org\/licenses\/odbl\/1-0\/\"\u003eOpen Database License (ODbL 1.0)\u003c\/a\u003e. Natural Communities selected species-level records and screened source qualifications. The complete selection and transformation instructions for this page are available below under the same license.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003eFlora rating attribution: Kenneth Johnson (2018), Flora of the Chicago Region UFQA Database, following Gerould Wilhelm and Laura Rericha (2017), Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Individual rating facts are presented with original commentary; the calculator’s software license is not treated as a license for the underlying Flora publication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"nc-readable-research\" data-nc-format=\"json\" style=\"margin:18px 0 0;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px solid #b8cbbf;font:inherit\" data-nc-title=\"Natural Communities selected host records for Asclepias tuberosa\" data-nc-source=\"Shropshire, K.J. \u0026amp; Tallamy, D.W. (2025). Lepidoptera of North America, north of Mexico: an annotated list containing geographic ranges and host-plant records. Supplement 1.\" data-nc-source-doi=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\" data-nc-download=\"https:\/\/binary.pensoft.net\/file\/1478226\" data-nc-source-sha256=\"250a11ec19c89f81374af3bc632f6897491cbe540edb09ccdaf298dc73bf9472\" data-nc-license=\"ODbL-1.0\" data-nc-license-url=\"https:\/\/opendatacommons.org\/licenses\/odbl\/1-0\/\" data-nc-method=\"Complete machine-readable selection and alteration file under ODbL section 4.6(b). In source worksheet UDELep May 2025, select only rows whose column A UDLepID appears in selection. Each selection entry contains [retained source plant names, selected insect IDs]. Create one record per selected ID and retained plant name; these are reported larval hosts. Scientific insect name is the first two whitespace-separated tokens of column H; common name is E; source category is AB. Other source fields are unchanged and are not part of this derived table. No other rows or host pairs are used on this page. Group Butterfly and Skipper categories together, and other categories as moths; retain exotic category labels. Display names are sorted by scientific insect name.\" data-nc-plant=\"Asclepias tuberosa\" data-nc-scope=\"Host literature synthesis; no county nativity or local insect occurrence inferred.\"\u003e\u003ch4 style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:1em;color:#173d2b\"\u003eCaterpillar research records\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlant: \u003c\/strong\u003eAsclepias tuberosa\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecord scope: \u003c\/strong\u003eHost literature synthesis; no county nativity or local insect occurrence inferred.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\"\u003eShropshire \u0026amp; Tallamy (2025)\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/binary.pensoft.net\/file\/1478226\"\u003eOriginal research dataset\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/opendatacommons.org\/licenses\/odbl\/1-0\/\"\u003eReuse license: ODbL-1.0\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"overflow-x:auto;margin:12px 0\"\u003e\u003ctable data-nc-table=\"selection\" cellpadding=\"6\" style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font:inherit;text-align:left\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" data-nc-column=\"plant_names\" style=\"padding:8px;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf;background:#edf3ed;text-align:left;font-weight:600\"\u003ePlant names in the source\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" data-nc-column=\"insect_ids\" style=\"padding:8px;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf;background:#edf3ed;text-align:left;font-weight:600\"\u003eSource insect record IDs\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-plant-name=\"true\"\u003eAsclepias tuberosa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\n\u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e203712\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e203785\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e205052\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e211907\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch4 style=\"margin:16px 0 8px;font-size:1em;color:#173d2b\"\u003eHow these records were selected\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003eTo reproduce this selection, use the “UDELep May 2025” worksheet in the original research dataset.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col style=\"padding-left:1.4em;margin:0;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eMatch the insect record IDs above to column A (UDLepID). Within each table row, pair every listed insect ID with every listed source plant name.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eUse the first two words in column H for the insect’s scientific name, column E for its common name, and column AB for its source category.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eTreat the selected pairs as reported caterpillar host records. Keep all other source fields unchanged and outside this selected table. Include no other rows or host pairs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eGroup butterflies and skippers together, and the other categories as moths. Retain the source’s exotic-category labels and sort display names by scientific insect name.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"copy-sources\"\u003eGrowing guidance: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/extension.illinois.edu\/blogs\/good-growing\/2026-07-31-keeping-deer-out-yard-and-garden\"\u003eIllinois Extension — Keeping deer out of the yard and garden\u003c\/a\u003e. Selected facts in original wording. General deer advice is not a species resistance rating.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Natural Communities LLC","offers":[{"title":"Plants \/ #1 Pot","offer_id":51547008172263,"sku":"22488.1G","price":17.7,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ #1 Pot.","offer_id":51547008205031,"sku":"20230.1G","price":16.8,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Plants \/ 1G Pot","offer_id":51547008237799,"sku":"ASCTUB1G-PA","price":11.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 10 Pint Flat","offer_id":51547008106727,"sku":"22488.PT","price":88.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 10 Pint Flat.","offer_id":51547008139495,"sku":"20230.PT","price":86.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 32 Plug Flat","offer_id":51547008073959,"sku":"ASCTUB-32","price":137.6,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 32 Flat","offer_id":51547008270567,"sku":"ASCTUB32-PA","price":121.6,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 38 Plug Flat","offer_id":51547008008423,"sku":"20230.38","price":209.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 38 Plug Flat.","offer_id":51547008041191,"sku":"22488.38","price":243.2,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 50 Plug Flat","offer_id":50886879772903,"sku":"ASCTUB50","price":175.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Plants \/ 50 Flat","offer_id":51547008336103,"sku":"ASCTUB50-PA","price":190.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.01 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547007811815,"sku":"ASCTUB-A","price":16.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.1 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547007844583,"sku":"Asctub-B","price":160.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.25 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547007877351,"sku":"Asctub-C","price":400.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.5 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547007910119,"sku":"Asctub-D","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 0.75 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547007942887,"sku":"Asctub-E","price":1200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Seed \/ 1 lbs Seed","offer_id":51547007975655,"sku":"Asctub-F","price":1600.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0672\/8825\/products\/IMG_0115.JPG?v=1756682609"},{"product_id":"carex-blanda-common-wood-sedge","title":"Carex blanda (Common Wood Sedge)","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"nc-phase7\" style=\"line-height:1.65;overflow-wrap:anywhere\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommon wood sedge makes a low, spreading tuft in shade. It can colonize exposed ground vigorously, so allow for that behavior when using it among smaller woodland plants.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor Carex blanda, choose partial sun to moderate shade and moist to mesic soil. Recorded habitats include upland and bottomland woods; Woodland openings; Savannas; Thickets. Reported height: about 1 ft.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrowth habit: tufts of ascending to sprawling leafy stems. Allow room for this spreading habit beside smaller plants and narrow borders. Keep the planting edge accessible so you can manage growth beyond the intended area.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plant-specs-table nc-chart\" style=\"margin:24px 0;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 style=\"margin:0;padding:16px;background:#214c36;color:white;font-size:1.2em\"\u003ePlant specifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"nc-key-facts\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin:0;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font-size:1em;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4\"\u003eKey growing facts\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSunlight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003ePartial sun to moderate shade\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSoil moisture\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eMoist to mesic\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eHeight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eAbout 1 ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eBloom season\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eLate spring\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_COMPANIONS_START --\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"nc-landscape-companions\" data-nc-phase24=\"companions\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin:0;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font-size:1em;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4\"\u003eNative landscape companions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor partial sun \/ light shade and moist soil, consider these native plants alongside Carex blanda:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf\"\u003eCompanion plant\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf\"\u003eHeight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/sisyrinchium-angustifolium-blue-eyed-grass\"\u003eBlue-eyed Grass (Sisyrinchium angustifolium)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003eAbout ½–1 ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/carex-grayi-common-bur-sedge-1\"\u003eCommon Bur Sedge (Carex grayi)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003eAbout 2–2½ ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/onoclea-sensibilis-sensitive-fern\"\u003eSensitive Fern (Onoclea sensibilis)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e1½–3 ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/hydrastis-canadensis-golden-seal\"\u003eGoldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003eAbout ¾-1 ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:12px 0 0;font-size:.92em\"\u003eThese landscape suggestions combine overlapping growing needs with documented plant associations. Match soil, seasonal wetness and mature spread to your site. Remnant records are described separately under Plant communities \u0026amp; associates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_COMPANIONS_END --\u003e\n\u003cdetails class=\"nc-growing\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eGrowing \u0026amp; planting details\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eGrowth habit\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eTufts of ascending to sprawling leafy stems\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eRoot form\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eFibrous roots; Rhizomes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSoil pH\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003e4.4–7.0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eDrought tolerance\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eLow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSalt tolerance\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003ePlant identification \u0026amp; seed reference\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eBotanical name\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eCarex blanda\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eOther common names\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003ecommon wood sedge\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSeed germination\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eUSDA lists cold stratification as not required; seed-lot response may vary.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003ePlant family\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eCyperaceae\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003csection\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003ePlant characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCarex blanda (Common Wood Sedge) is a cool season short sedge that will sprawl if left to its own devices. With competition, it forms polite clumps, without competition use it's agressive nature to fill in bare areas quickly. Very commonly found in savannas and woodlands in wet-mesic to dry-mesic soils, it will tolerate prairie sun as it is an understory plant to larger species. Stocky seedheads form in spring atop winged stems. An important food source for insects, mammals and birds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFlower Color Green\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFlower Time April-May\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-plants\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003ePlant communities \u0026amp; associates\u003cspan style=\"display:block;font-size:.85em;font-weight:400\"\u003eNo verified list yet\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003csection data-nc-phase12=\"INHS-MIDDLE-FORK-2008\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eIllinois woodland and stream communities\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMiddle Fork Woods, Vermilion County (1999–2002 survey). Recorded in: dry-mesic upland forest — mature second growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDry-mesic upland forest — mature second growth — selected native associates:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"\/products\/carex-pensylvanica-common-oak-sedge\"\u003eCarex pensylvanica\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/carex-rosea-curly-styled-wood-sedge\"\u003eCarex rosea\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/bromus-pubescens-hairy-woodland-brome\"\u003eBromus pubescens\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"font-size:.93em\"\u003eThese plants share a recorded habitat; they were not necessarily found in the same small plot.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003csection class=\"nc-community-phase18\" data-community-id=\"PH18-SPRING-2\"\u003e\u003ch4\u003eSpring Bay Fen Nature Preserve — wet-mesic floodplain forest\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSurveyed in 2007, 2008 and 2011. Wet-mesic floodplain forest recorded separately from the adjoining fen. These dated records do not establish presence today.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOther native plants recorded in this surveyed community: \u003ca href=\"\/products\/acer-nigrum-black-maple\"\u003eAcer nigrum\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/acer-saccharinum-silver-maple\"\u003eAcer saccharinum\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/agastache-nepetoides-yellow-giant-hyssop\"\u003eAgastache nepetoides\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/amorpha-fruticosa-indigo-bush\"\u003eAmorpha fruticosa\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/anemone-canadensis-meadow-anemone\"\u003eAnemone canadensis\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/arisaema-dracontium-green-dragon\"\u003eArisaema dracontium\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/arisaema-triphyllum-jack-in-the-pulpit-1\"\u003eArisaema triphyllum\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/blephilia-hirsuta-hairy-wood-mint\"\u003eBlephilia hirsuta\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/carex-emoryi-emorys-sedge\"\u003eCarex emoryi\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"\/products\/carex-grayi-common-bur-sedge-1\"\u003eCarex grayi\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/myisas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/114-10-Murphy-et-al.pdf\"\u003eMurphy, Phillippe \u0026amp; Ebinger 2021, Appendix 1\u003c\/a\u003e. Selected associates from the same community; records do not show immediate neighbors or prescribe planting ratios.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-native\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eNative range \u0026amp; C-value\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase15=\"range-scope\"\u003eState nativity describes a broad range. Use the Chicago-region assessment for local context; a state listing does not establish county nativity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eWetland indicator — NWPL 2022 Midwest\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eFAC\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eC-value — Chicago region, Flora 2017\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eChicago-region native — Flora 2017\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eNative range — U.S. states\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eAlabama; Arkansas; Colorado; Connecticut; Delaware; Florida; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Nebraska; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Texas; Vermont; Virginia; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eCounty nativity\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eNot yet verified; occurrence records do not establish nativity.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-wildlife\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003ePollinators \u0026amp; wildlife\u003cspan style=\"display:block;font-size:.85em;font-weight:400\"\u003eNo verified list yet\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo additional named relationships have been verified for this listing.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-faq\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eFrequently asked questions\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"faq-accordion\" style=\"margin-top:20px\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat are the ideal growing conditions for Common Wood Sedge?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLight: Partial sun to moderate shade. Soil moisture: Moist to mesic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow do I germinate and establish Common Wood Sedge from seed?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUSDA lists cold stratification as not required; seed-lot response may vary.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIs Common Wood Sedge deer and herbivore resistant?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSpecies-specific deer resistance has not been verified here. Even plants described as resistant may be browsed. Use physical protection where deer damage is a concern.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhen should I expect Common Wood Sedge to bloom?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTypical flowering period: Late spring. Timing varies with location and weather.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-sources\" id=\"nc-phase7-sources\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eSources \u0026amp; ecological notes\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_SOURCES_START --\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase24=\"companion-sources\" style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLandscape companion selection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Natural Communities compared the growing requirements shown on these species pages with selected source records: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/myisas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/114-10-Murphy-et-al.pdf\"\u003eWet-mesic floodplain forest — Illinois River valley\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopn.library.illinois.edu\/journals\/inhs\/article\/view\/116\"\u003eDry-mesic upland forest — mature second growth — East-central Illinois\u003c\/a\u003e. The shortlist is a planting-design inference. A shared record does not establish adjacency, identical soil requirements, local seed origin, or a tested planting combination. Regional synthesis records retain their documented focal-to-associate scope.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_SOURCES_END --\u003e\n\n\u003cp data-nc-phase12=\"source\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIllinois woodland records:\u003c\/strong\u003e Larimore, Phillippe \u0026amp; Ebinger (2008), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopn.library.illinois.edu\/journals\/inhs\/article\/view\/116\"\u003eMiddle Fork Woods flora\u003c\/a\u003e, Appendix I. © 2008 University of Illinois Board of Trustees, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\"\u003eCC BY 4.0\u003c\/a\u003e. Habitat records transcribed, selected and linked to catalog names by Natural Communities. Survey: 1999–2002.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNative range \u0026amp; ecological ratings:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/universalfqa.org\/get\/database\/80\"\u003eFlora of the Chicago Region (2017), via Universal FQA\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/c750f92594f4376bdb14f68aa3c2c9174c85d5bf\/data-raw\/FQA_databases\/not_from_universal_calc\/chicago_region_2017.xlsx\"\u003eUSACE Chicago FQA (2017)\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:298848-1\"\u003eKew WCVP \/ Plants of the World Online\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/nwpl.sec.usace.army.mil\/static\/reports\/2022_NWPL_MW.xlsx\"\u003eUSACE National Wetland Plant List\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrowing conditions \u0026amp; other references:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.illinoiswildflowers.info\/grasses\/plants\/cm_wdsedge.htm\"\u003eIllinois Wildflowers, John Hilty\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/plants.sc.egov.usda.gov\/plant-profile\/CABL\"\u003eUSDA NRCS PLANTS\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003eNative range does not identify the origin of the seed or plants offered. Community and wildlife records apply to the locations and conditions described.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdetails class=\"nc-source-data\" data-nc-technical=\"true\" style=\"margin:12px 0 0;border-top:1px solid #b8cbbf;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"cursor:pointer;padding:12px 0;font:inherit;font-weight:600;color:#173d2b\"\u003eResearch notes \u0026amp; credits\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 0 8px;font:inherit;line-height:1.5\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/c750f92594f4376bdb14f68aa3c2c9174c85d5bf\/data-raw\/FQA_databases\/not_from_universal_calc\/chicago_region_2017.xlsx\"\u003eUSACE\/ERDC fqadata — Chicago Region FQA 2017\u003c\/a\u003e. Herman, B., Sliwinski, R. \u0026amp; Whitaker, S. (2017), Chicago Region FQA Calculator; distributed by USACE\/ERDC in fqadata under CC0. Values may differ from Flora of the Chicago Region (2017). \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/master\/LICENSE.md\"\u003eCC0 dedication\u003c\/a\u003e. Retained for comparison; the displayed C-value follows Flora database 80.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003eRange data: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:298848-1\"\u003eWorld Checklist of Vascular Plants\u003c\/a\u003e, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; 4 June 2026 release, accessed 7 September 2026. © The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/\"\u003eCC BY 3.0\u003c\/a\u003e; selected and reformatted. Kew cannot warrant the quality or accuracy of these data. This use has no Kew endorsement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003eFlora rating attribution: Kenneth Johnson (2018), Flora of the Chicago Region UFQA Database, following Gerould Wilhelm and Laura Rericha (2017), Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Individual rating facts are presented with original commentary; the calculator’s software license is not treated as a license for the underlying Flora publication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"copy-sources\"\u003eGrowing guidance: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/extension.illinois.edu\/blogs\/good-growing\/2026-07-31-keeping-deer-out-yard-and-garden\"\u003eIllinois Extension — Keeping deer out of the yard and garden\u003c\/a\u003e. Selected facts in original wording. General deer advice is not a species resistance rating.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase18=\"community-sources\"\u003eAdditional community records: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/myisas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/114-10-Murphy-et-al.pdf\"\u003eMurphy, Phillippe \u0026amp; Ebinger (2021), Spring Bay Fen flora and vegetation\u003c\/a\u003e. Selected facts and taxonomic links; source spellings and historical survey dates retained.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Natural Communities LLC","offers":[{"title":"10 Flat","offer_id":50980583506151,"sku":"22521.PT","price":88.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"32 Plug Flat","offer_id":50886958907623,"sku":"CXBLAN-32","price":144.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"38 Plug Flat","offer_id":50886958874855,"sku":"22521.38","price":140.6,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"50 Plug Flat","offer_id":44503759290599,"sku":"CXBLAN50","price":175.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"50 Plugs","offer_id":50886958842087,"sku":"CXBLAN50_STC","price":200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"50 Flat","offer_id":52356213702887,"sku":"CXBLAN50-PA","price":175.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0672\/8825\/products\/74-2P.jpg?v=1756682650"},{"product_id":"asclepias-tuberosa-butterfly-milkweed-seed-packet","title":"Asclepias tuberosa (Butterfly Milkweed) Seed Packet","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"nc-phase7\" style=\"line-height:1.65;overflow-wrap:anywhere\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrow butterfly milkweed (\u003cem\u003eAsclepias tuberosa\u003c\/em\u003e) from seed for orange summer flowers in sunny, well-drained ground. This packet is listed as containing approximately 200 seeds. The species suits dry prairie plantings, pollinator gardens, and sunny borders where water does not collect around the roots.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeed-grown plants may take two to three years to establish and flower. Choose a permanent location before planting: mature plants develop a deep taproot and are difficult to transplant. A prepared seedbed with little competition gives young plants room to develop.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eButterflies visit the flowers for nectar, and monarch caterpillars feed on the leaves. Mature plants form clumps with several flowering stems. Follow the packet’s sowing instructions, and avoid poorly drained sites where crown rot can develop.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plant-specs-table nc-chart\" style=\"margin:24px 0;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 style=\"margin:0;padding:16px;background:#214c36;color:white;font-size:1.2em\"\u003ePlant specifications \u0026amp; ecological relationships\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"nc-key-facts\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin:0;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font-size:1em;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4\"\u003eKey growing facts\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSunlight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eFull sun\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSoil moisture\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eMesic to dry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eHeight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003e1-2½ ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eBloom season\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eEarly to mid-summer; a second bloom sometimes occurs in late summer to early autumn\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_COMPANIONS_START --\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"nc-landscape-companions\" data-nc-phase24=\"companions\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"margin:0;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font-size:1em;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4\"\u003eNative landscape companions\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor full sun and dry-mesic soil, consider these native plants alongside Asclepias tuberosa:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf\"\u003eCompanion plant\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf\"\u003eHeight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/solidago-nemoralis-old-field-goldenrod\"\u003eOld Field Goldenrod (Solidago nemoralis)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003eAbout ½-2½ ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/carex-bicknellii-copper-shouldered-oval-sedge\"\u003eCopper-shouldered Oval Sedge (Carex bicknellii)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003eAbout 1½–2½ ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/rudbeckia-hirta-black-eyed-susan\"\u003eBlack-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003eAbout 1-2½ ft\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/potentilla-arguta-prairie-cinquefoil\"\u003ePrairie Cinquefoil (Drymocallis arguta)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003ePlant size varies; the Montana account reports stems about 10–31 inches tall.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:12px 0 0;font-size:.92em\"\u003eThese landscape suggestions combine overlapping growing needs with documented plant associations. Match soil, seasonal wetness and mature spread to your site. Remnant records are described separately under Plant communities \u0026amp; associates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_COMPANIONS_END --\u003e\n\u003cdetails class=\"nc-growing\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eGrowing \u0026amp; planting details\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eGrowth habit\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eYoung plants have a single stem; older plants produce multiple stems from the taproot crown\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eRoot form\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eTaproot\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSoil pH\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003ePrefers acidic soil; numerical pH limits are not established\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eCultivation hardiness zones\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eZones 3a–9b (general cultivation guidance)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eDrought tolerance\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eDrought tolerance reported in cultivation guidance; establishment needs and duration are not specified.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eDeer browsing\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eDeer resistance reported in cultivation guidance; browsing remains possible.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSalt tolerance\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eSalt tolerance reported in cultivation guidance; dose and exposure route are not specified.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003ePlant toxicity\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003ePoison characteristics are reported; listed parts: flowers, fruits, leaves, roots, sap\/juice, stems. Pet safety is not established.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003ePlant identification \u0026amp; seed reference\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eBotanical name\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eAsclepias tuberosa\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eOther common names\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003ebutterfly weed; Butterfly Milkweed; Butterfly Weed; Chiggerflower; Common Butterfly-weed; Indian Paintbrush; Milkweed; Pleurisy Root\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSeed germination\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eUSDA lists cold stratification as not required; seed-lot response may vary.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003ePlant family\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eAsclepiadaceae\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eSeeds per pound — reference estimate\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003e70000\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-plants\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003ePlant communities \u0026amp; associates\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csection data-nc-phase9=\"blacksoil\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eIllinois plant communities\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMesic black-soil prairie — central Illinois\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRecorded at Loda Cemetery Prairie (Iroquois County), Prospect Cemetery Prairie (Ford County). INHS identifies these sites as remnants of this community.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelected native plants from the same remnant records:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"nc-associates\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/sorghastrum-nutans-indian-grass\"\u003eSorghastrum nutans\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/andropogon-gerardii-big-bluestem\"\u003eAndropogon gerardii\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/sporobolus-heterolepis-northern-dropseed\"\u003eSporobolus heterolepis\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/eryngium-yuccifolium-rattlesnake-master-1\"\u003eEryngium yuccifolium\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/silphium-laciniatum-compass-plant\"\u003eSilphium laciniatum\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/products\/parthenium-integrifolium-wild-quinine\"\u003eParthenium integrifolium\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese inventories include edges and disturbed patches. Shared remnant records do not establish that every plant grows together in one microsite.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-native\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eNative range \u0026amp; C-value\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase15=\"range-scope\"\u003eState nativity describes a broad range. Use the Chicago-region assessment for local context; a state listing does not establish county nativity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;font-size:.92em\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e\n\u003ccol style=\"width:36%\"\u003e\n\u003ccol\u003e\n\u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody style=\"vertical-align:top\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eWetland indicator — Corps Chicago 2017 table\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eUPL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eC-value — Chicago region, Flora 2017\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003e8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eChicago-region native — Flora 2017\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eYes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"background:white\"\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eNative range — U.S. states\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eAlabama; Arizona; Arkansas; Colorado; Connecticut; Delaware; Florida; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Nebraska; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; Ohio; Oklahoma; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Texas; Utah; Vermont; Virginia; West Virginia; Wisconsin\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"row\" style=\"padding:8px;text-align:left\"\u003eCounty nativity\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px\"\u003eCook County, Illinois — native-remnant population documented in the 2000 survey. Partial county coverage; other counties have not yet been assessed here.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-wildlife\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003ePollinators \u0026amp; wildlife\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 14px 14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003csection id=\"nc-phase5-ae190f3e6431-hosts\" data-nc-ecology=\"true\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eCaterpillars \u0026amp; other plant-feeding insects\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"rte\" style=\"font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis plant has published caterpillar host records for the butterflies and moths listed below. These are larval feeding relationships, separate from adult nectar visits. The records span a North American literature compilation and do not establish that every insect occurs locally or uses only this plant.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.08em;line-height:1.4\"\u003eButterflies \u0026amp; skippers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:1.3em\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eDanaus gilippus\u003c\/em\u003e — Queen \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eStrymon melinus\u003c\/em\u003e — Gray Hairstreak \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.08em;line-height:1.4\"\u003eMoths\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:1.3em\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eCycnia tenera\u003c\/em\u003e — Delicate Cycnia, Dogbane Tiger Moth \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eEuchaetes egle\u003c\/em\u003e — Milkweed Tussock Moth or Milkweed Tiger Moth \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003csection id=\"nc-phase4-ae190f3e6431-insects\" data-nc-ecology=\"true\"\u003e\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.05em;color:#173d2b;margin:18px 0 8px\"\u003eOther insect \u0026amp; wildlife relationships\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"rte\" style=\"font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"font-size:1.08em;line-height:1.4\"\u003eCaterpillars this plant can feed\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonarch; Gray Hairstreak; Queen; Milkweed Tussock Moth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNectar:\u003c\/strong\u003e The flowers provide nectar for butterflies and other insects.\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csmall\u003eAdditional published species records; Illinois insect occurrence is not established by this account. These records do not guarantee that every insect occurs at your planting site.\u003c\/small\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-faq\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eFrequently asked questions\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"faq-accordion\" style=\"margin-top:20px\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat are the ideal growing conditions for Butterfly Milkweed?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLight: Full sun. Soil moisture: Mesic to dry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow do I germinate and establish Butterfly Milkweed from seed?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUSDA lists cold stratification as not required; seed-lot response may vary.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIs Butterfly Milkweed deer and herbivore resistant?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeer resistance reported in cultivation guidance; browsing remains possible. Even plants described as resistant may be browsed. Use physical protection where deer damage is a concern.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"verified-faq\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhen should I expect Butterfly Milkweed to bloom?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTypical flowering period: Early to mid-summer; a second bloom sometimes occurs in late summer to early autumn. Timing varies with location and weather.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\u003cdetails class=\"nc-sources\" id=\"nc-phase7-sources\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border:1px solid #8da997;border-radius:6px;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"display:block;cursor:pointer;padding:14px;background:#dceade;color:#173d2b;font:inherit;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;border-radius:5px\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-toggle=\"true\" style=\"float:right;margin-left:12px;font-size:.8em;white-space:nowrap\"\u003eShow \/ hide ▾\u003c\/span\u003eSources \u0026amp; ecological notes\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:14px;font:inherit\"\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_SOURCES_START --\u003e\n\u003cp data-nc-phase24=\"companion-sources\" style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLandscape companion selection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Natural Communities compared the growing requirements shown on these species pages with selected source records: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/publish.illinois.edu\/tallgrass-prairie\/references\/plant-species-at-three-black-soil-prairie-remnants-in-central-illinois\/\"\u003eMesic black-soil prairie — Loda Cemetery Prairie — Central Illinois\u003c\/a\u003e. The shortlist is a planting-design inference. A shared record does not establish adjacency, identical soil requirements, local seed origin, or a tested planting combination. Regional synthesis records retain their documented focal-to-associate scope.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- NC_PHASE24_SOURCES_END --\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIllinois communities \u0026amp; local records:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/publish.illinois.edu\/tallgrass-prairie\/references\/plant-species-at-three-black-soil-prairie-remnants-in-central-illinois\/\"\u003eINHS: Loda, Prospect and Weston prairie records\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/dnr.illinois.gov\/content\/dam\/soi\/en\/web\/dnr\/grants\/documents\/wpfgrantreports\/2001027w.pdf\"\u003eShouba \u0026amp; Murray: Wolf Road Prairie, Cook County (2000)\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNative range \u0026amp; ecological ratings:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/universalfqa.org\/get\/database\/80\"\u003eFlora of the Chicago Region (2017), via Universal FQA\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/c750f92594f4376bdb14f68aa3c2c9174c85d5bf\/data-raw\/FQA_databases\/not_from_universal_calc\/chicago_region_2017.xlsx\"\u003eUSACE Chicago FQA (2017)\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:94704-1\"\u003eKew WCVP \/ Plants of the World Online\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrowing conditions \u0026amp; other references:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.illinoiswildflowers.info\/prairie\/plantx\/btf_milkweedx.htm\"\u003eIllinois Wildflowers, John Hilty\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/plants.sc.egov.usda.gov\/plant-profile\/ASTU\"\u003eUSDA NRCS PLANTS\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/healthylakeswi.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/366\/2023\/02\/NativePlantGuide-sm.pdf\"\u003ePatrick Goggin: Wisconsin native plant guide, p. 75\u003c\/a\u003e; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/plants.ces.ncsu.edu\/plants\/asclepias-tuberosa\/\"\u003eNC State Extension Plant Toolbox\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWildlife records:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\"\u003eShropshire \u0026amp; Tallamy: caterpillar hosts (2025)\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003eNative range does not identify the origin of the seed or plants offered. Community and wildlife records apply to the locations and conditions described.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdetails class=\"nc-source-data\" data-nc-technical=\"true\" style=\"margin:12px 0 0;border-top:1px solid #b8cbbf;font:inherit\"\u003e\u003csummary style=\"cursor:pointer;padding:12px 0;font:inherit;font-weight:600;color:#173d2b\"\u003eResearch notes \u0026amp; credits\u003c\/summary\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"padding:0 0 8px;font:inherit;line-height:1.5\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/c750f92594f4376bdb14f68aa3c2c9174c85d5bf\/data-raw\/FQA_databases\/not_from_universal_calc\/chicago_region_2017.xlsx\"\u003eUSACE\/ERDC fqadata — Chicago Region FQA 2017\u003c\/a\u003e. Herman, B., Sliwinski, R. \u0026amp; Whitaker, S. (2017), Chicago Region FQA Calculator; distributed by USACE\/ERDC in fqadata under CC0. Values may differ from Flora of the Chicago Region (2017). \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/EcoModTeam\/fqadata\/blob\/master\/LICENSE.md\"\u003eCC0 dedication\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003eRange data: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:94704-1\"\u003eWorld Checklist of Vascular Plants\u003c\/a\u003e, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; 4 June 2026 release, accessed 7 September 2026. © The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/\"\u003eCC BY 3.0\u003c\/a\u003e; selected and reformatted. Kew cannot warrant the quality or accuracy of these data. This use has no Kew endorsement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaterpillar host records:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shropshire, K.J. \u0026amp; Tallamy, D.W. (2025), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\"\u003eLepidoptera of North America, Supplement 1\u003c\/a\u003e. Contains information from this database made available under the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/opendatacommons.org\/licenses\/odbl\/1-0\/\"\u003eOpen Database License (ODbL 1.0)\u003c\/a\u003e. Natural Communities selected species-level records and screened source qualifications. The complete selection and transformation instructions for this page are available below under the same license.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px\"\u003eFlora rating attribution: Kenneth Johnson (2018), Flora of the Chicago Region UFQA Database, following Gerould Wilhelm and Laura Rericha (2017), Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Individual rating facts are presented with original commentary; the calculator’s software license is not treated as a license for the underlying Flora publication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"nc-readable-research\" data-nc-format=\"json\" style=\"margin:18px 0 0;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px solid #b8cbbf;font:inherit\" data-nc-title=\"Natural Communities selected host records for Asclepias tuberosa\" data-nc-source=\"Shropshire, K.J. \u0026amp; Tallamy, D.W. (2025). Lepidoptera of North America, north of Mexico: an annotated list containing geographic ranges and host-plant records. Supplement 1.\" data-nc-source-doi=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\" data-nc-download=\"https:\/\/binary.pensoft.net\/file\/1478226\" data-nc-source-sha256=\"250a11ec19c89f81374af3bc632f6897491cbe540edb09ccdaf298dc73bf9472\" data-nc-license=\"ODbL-1.0\" data-nc-license-url=\"https:\/\/opendatacommons.org\/licenses\/odbl\/1-0\/\" data-nc-method=\"Complete machine-readable selection and alteration file under ODbL section 4.6(b). In source worksheet UDELep May 2025, select only rows whose column A UDLepID appears in selection. Each selection entry contains [retained source plant names, selected insect IDs]. Create one record per selected ID and retained plant name; these are reported larval hosts. Scientific insect name is the first two whitespace-separated tokens of column H; common name is E; source category is AB. Other source fields are unchanged and are not part of this derived table. No other rows or host pairs are used on this page. Group Butterfly and Skipper categories together, and other categories as moths; retain exotic category labels. Display names are sorted by scientific insect name.\" data-nc-plant=\"Asclepias tuberosa\" data-nc-scope=\"Host literature synthesis; no county nativity or local insect occurrence inferred.\"\u003e\u003ch4 style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-size:1em;color:#173d2b\"\u003eCaterpillar research records\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlant: \u003c\/strong\u003eAsclepias tuberosa\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecord scope: \u003c\/strong\u003eHost literature synthesis; no county nativity or local insect occurrence inferred.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/zookeys.1261.160796.suppl1\"\u003eShropshire \u0026amp; Tallamy (2025)\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/binary.pensoft.net\/file\/1478226\"\u003eOriginal research dataset\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/opendatacommons.org\/licenses\/odbl\/1-0\/\"\u003eReuse license: ODbL-1.0\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"overflow-x:auto;margin:12px 0\"\u003e\u003ctable data-nc-table=\"selection\" cellpadding=\"6\" style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font:inherit;text-align:left\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" data-nc-column=\"plant_names\" style=\"padding:8px;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf;background:#edf3ed;text-align:left;font-weight:600\"\u003ePlant names in the source\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth scope=\"col\" data-nc-column=\"insect_ids\" style=\"padding:8px;border-bottom:1px solid #b8cbbf;background:#edf3ed;text-align:left;font-weight:600\"\u003eSource insect record IDs\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-nc-plant-name=\"true\"\u003eAsclepias tuberosa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:8px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #e1e9e1\"\u003e\n\u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e203712\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e203785\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e205052\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan data-nc-insect-id=\"true\"\u003e211907\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch4 style=\"margin:16px 0 8px;font-size:1em;color:#173d2b\"\u003eHow these records were selected\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.55\"\u003eTo reproduce this selection, use the “UDELep May 2025” worksheet in the original research dataset.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col style=\"padding-left:1.4em;margin:0;line-height:1.55\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eMatch the insect record IDs above to column A (UDLepID). Within each table row, pair every listed insect ID with every listed source plant name.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eUse the first two words in column H for the insect’s scientific name, column E for its common name, and column AB for its source category.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eTreat the selected pairs as reported caterpillar host records. Keep all other source fields unchanged and outside this selected table. Include no other rows or host pairs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:8px\"\u003eGroup butterflies and skippers together, and the other categories as moths. Retain the source’s exotic-category labels and sort display names by scientific insect name.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003c\/section\u003e\u003cp data-nc-phase17=\"copy-sources\"\u003eGrowing guidance: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/extension.illinois.edu\/blogs\/good-growing\/2026-07-31-keeping-deer-out-yard-and-garden\"\u003eIllinois Extension — Keeping deer out of the yard and garden\u003c\/a\u003e. Selected facts in original wording. General deer advice is not a species resistance rating.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\u003c\/details\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 style=\"font-size:1.3em;line-height:1.35;margin:1.6em 0 .65em;color:#183d2b\"\u003eBotanical Profile \u0026amp; Ecological Characteristics\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #ff0000\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003eMonarch Butterflies are fully and exclusively dependent upon milkweeds for laying eggs and for larva food source and they can nectar. These plants were once so plentiful they were literally called weeds because they were problematic in agricultural fields. However, that's no longer the case with regular Glyphosate treatments to agricultural fields wiping out all \"weeds\". With fragmentation, global climate change, pollution, and other threats this is a major problem for Monarch butterflies that heavily depend upon the milkweed and other native plants. Monarch caterpillars need milkweeds, but also nectar sources that many native flowers provide. Help keep these going! Please consider your part in this planet, plant Monarch food sources including milkweed and other native plants. \n\u003cp\u003eThe best native milkweed for landscaping and arguably the single best native plant for landscaping, Asclepias tuberosa (Butterfly Milkweed) is quite a plant. Its compact growth habit and beautiful and rarer intensive orange colored flower are what make it the most popular plant plus the ability to host the monarch caterpillar. You really can‚¬„¢t go wrong aesthetically with this plant, but it can be a bit finicky to grow in moister and heavy clay soils. Choose you spot well and you will have a lifetime of orange bliss!! \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFlower Color Orange\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFlower Time June-August\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWetland Status UPL\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Natural Communities LLC","offers":[{"title":"Seed Packet (approx. 200 seeds)","offer_id":44354228420839,"sku":"ASCTUB-PK","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0672\/8825\/products\/IMG_0115_fe6bd339-2ff8-46ab-9db7-0ce0a9847e87.jpg?v=1756682607"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0672\/8825\/collections\/PollinatorParadiseWildflowerEnhancementSeedPacket_4c96e853-3e72-4b63-82c3-3f55ba0f5357.png?v=1789484532","url":"https:\/\/naturalcommunities.net\/collections\/fall-bestsellers-top-native-plants-for-fall-planting-natural-communities.oembed","provider":"Natural Communities LLC","version":"1.0","type":"link"}