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Lupinus perennis (Wild Lupine)

Lupinus perennis (Wild Lupine)

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Pure Live Seed

Seed is provided in Pure Live Seed (PLS) unless otherwise stated.

Pure Live Seed (PLS) expresses the viable seed content of a seed lot using its purity and germination or viability test results. It helps you compare seed lots and calculate how much bulk seed is needed to meet a specified PLS planting rate.

PLS weight and bag weight

PLS weight is not the same as the total weight of seed in a bag. For example, a lot with 80% purity and 75% viability contains 60% PLS: 80 × 75 ÷ 100 = 60. Supplying 10 lb PLS from that lot requires about 16.67 lb of bulk seed.

Use the current seed test and the stated basis of the mix specification. Germination calculations may include applicable hard or dormant seed. Seed-count estimates also require the number of seeds per pound; PLS alone does not provide a seed count.

What to check when buying a mix

Check whether each rate is stated in PLS pounds, bulk pounds, or a combination. A mix with both bases should not be described as having an all-PLS total.

PLS does not remove weed seeds or guarantee establishment. Review the seed label and analysis for weed content, and match site preparation, planting conditions and follow-up management to your project.

Sources: USDA NRCS, Understanding Pure Live Seed and The Importance of Seed Quality for Natural Resource Conservation.

Weight Conversions lbs. to oz.

0.01 pounds = 0.16 ounces

  • 0.1 pounds = 1.6 ounces
  • 0.25 pounds  = 4 ounces
  • 0.5 pounds = 8 ounces
  • 0.75 pounds = 12 ounces
  • 1.00 pounds = 16 ounces

Wild lupine has palmate leaves and blue to purple flower spikes in late spring and early summer. The species-level guidance here does not identify the supplied material as a particular Flora variety.

Sun exposure for Lupinus perennis: full sun; Partial Shade. Reported soil conditions: good drainage, moist, occasionally dry, very dry. Reported height: 1 ft. 0 in. - 2 ft. 6 in..

Plant specifications

Key growing facts

Sunlight Full sun; Partial Shade
Soil moisture Reported soil conditions: good drainage, moist, occasionally dry, very dry
Height 1 ft. 0 in. - 2 ft. 6 in.
Bloom season Spring; Summer
Show / hide ▾Growing & planting details
Soil pH Published cultivation guidance lists acidic, neutral soil conditions; no optimal numeric interval is established.
Cultivation hardiness zones Zones 3a–8b (general cultivation guidance)
Plant toxicity Poison characteristics are reported; listed parts: seeds. Pet safety is not established.

Plant identification & seed reference

Botanical name Lupinus perennis
Other common names Sundial Lupine; Wild Lupine
Plant family Fabaceae

Planting, growth & seasonal care

Flowering season: spring; Summer. Use this timing when planning seasonal interest with the other plants in the bed.

Use the selected product option to confirm the supply format and quantity. For a mixed planting, calculate the order from the actual species and layout; a plant’s mature height alone does not determine a seed rate or plug spacing.

Show / hide ▾Native range & C-value

State nativity describes a broad range. Use the Chicago-region assessment for local context; a state listing does not establish county nativity.

C-value* — Illinois regional assessment 8
Native range — U.S. states Alabama; Connecticut; Florida; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kentucky; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; New York; North Carolina; North Dakota; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; Vermont; Virginia; West Virginia; Wisconsin
County nativity Not yet verified; occurrence records do not establish nativity.

Regional assessment notes

This taxon is native to parts of the United States. A matching Flora of the Chicago Region (2017) assessment has not been verified for this listing. Any regional fallback rating is identified separately in the table above.

These records describe botanical distribution. They do not establish county occurrence or suitability for every site; an unlisted state is not proof of absence.

Show / hide ▾Pollinators & wildlife

Caterpillars recorded on Lupinus — genus-level evidence

These records concern the plant genus Lupinus, not necessarily Lupinus perennis. They do not establish a host relationship for every species in the genus, specialist status, or occurrence at your location. The selected insects are listed as native in the source’s North American study area.

Butterfly: Callophrys henrici (Henry's Elfin ); Callophrys irus (The Hoary Elfin, Bog Elfin?, Frosted Elfin); Celastrina humulus (Hops Azure); Celastrina neglecta (Summer Azure ); Colias alexandra (Queen Alexandra's Sulphur,); Colias boothii (Canadian Sulphur ); Colias eriphyle (Western Clouded Sulphur); Colias eurytheme (Orange Sulphur, Alfalfa Butterfly); Colias hecla (Hecla Sulphur ); Colias nastes (Labrador Sulphur ); Colias occidentalis (Western Sulphur); Colias philodice (Clouded Sulphur, Clover Butterfly); Cupido comyntas (Eastern Tailed-Blue ); Glaucopsyche lygdamus (Silvery Blue ); Glaucopsyche piasus (Arrowhead Blue); Icaricia acmon (Acmon Blue); Icaricia icarioides (Boisduval's Blue); Icaricia lupini (Lupine Blue, Boisduval’s Blue); Icaricia shasta (Shasta Blue, Cushion-Plant Blue); Leptotes marina (Marine Blue ); Plebejus anna (Anna's Blue); Plebejus idas (Northern Blue); Plebejus melissa (Melissa Blue, Gray Hairstreak, Cotton Square Borer ); Plebejus samuelis (Karner Blue); Satyrium behrii (Behr's Hairstreak); Satyrium fuliginosa (Sooty Hairstreak); Satyrium semiluna (Sagebrush Sooty Hairstreak); Strymon melinus (Gray Hairstreak ); Vanessa annabella (West Coast Lady); Vanessa cardui (Painted Lady, Cosmopolite ); Vanessa virginiensis (American Lady, American Painted Lady).

Macromoth: Acronicta lupini; Acronicta spinea; Agrochola purpurea; Apantesis nevadensis (Nevada Tiger Moth); Apantesis phyllira (Phyllira Tiger Moth ); Apantesis placentia (Placentia Tiger Moth ); Arachnis picta (Painted Tiger Moth); Arctia caja (Garden Tiger Moth, Great Tiger Moth ); Arctia virginalis (Ranchman's Tiger Moth); Autographa californica (Alfalfa Looper Moth); Caenurgina crassiuscula (Forage Looper Moth, Clover Looper, Range Grass Moth); Caenurgina erechtea (Clover Looper Moth, Common Grass Moth, Forage Looper); Comadia bertholdi (Lupine Borer Moth); Comadia intrusa; Dargida procinctus (Olive Green Cutworm Moth); Digrammia californiaria (Californian Granite Moth); Dryotype opina; Egira curialis; Euclidia cuspidea (Toothed Somberwing); Euxoa auxiliaris (Army Cut-Worm, Army Cutworm); Euxoa catenula; Euxoa declarata (Clear Dart); Euxoa extranea (X ); Euxoa wilsoni; Feltia jaculifera (Dingy Cutworm); Fishia discors (X ); Hydraecia immanis (Hop Borer, Hop Vine Borer); Lygephila victoria; Oedemasia concinna (Red-Humped Caterpillar, Red-Humped Appleworm); Orgyia vetusta (Western Tussock Moth, Oak Tussock Moth); Papaipema insulidens (Ragwort Stem Borer); Schinia suetus; Seirarctia echo (Echo Moth); Spilosoma vagans (Wandering Tiger Moth); Spilosoma vestalis (Vestal Tiger Moth); Spodoptera dolichos (Sweetpotato Armyworm, Dolichos Armyworm, Large Cotton Armyworm); Spodoptera frugiperda (Fall Armyworm Moth); Trichoplusia ni (Ni Moth, Cabbage Looper Moth); Utetheisa ornatrix (Ornate Moth, Pink Underwing, Rattlebox Moth, Bella Moth); Xylena cineritia (Gray Swordgrass Moth).

Micromoth: Anacampsis lupinella; Ancylosis albipenella; Aproaerema metadesma; Aproaerema nigrella; Areniscythris brachypteris; Argyrotaenia franciscana (Orange Tortrix); Chionodes braunella; Chionodes lophosella; Chionodes nanodella; Dicymolomia metalliferalis; Eana nr (Eana Grass Tortrix); Elasmopalpus lignosella (Lesser Cornstalk Borer); Epinotia infuscana; Filatima loowita; Filatima occidua; Filatima ornatifimbriella; Filatima xanthuris; Grapholita edwardsiana; Grapholita imitativa; Grapholita lana; Grapholita tristrigana (Three-Lined Grapholita); Hystrichophora paradisiae; Hystrichophora roessleri; Hystrichophora stygiana; Interjectio denticulella; Micrurapteryx occulta; Neocaloreas augustella; Phymatopus behrensii; Rhamphura ochristriata; Sparganothis senecionana; Udea radiosalis; Walshia miscecolorella (Sweetclover Root Borer Moth).

Skipper: Gesta afranius (Afranius Duskywing); Gesta baptisiae (Wild Indigo Duskywing, Baptisia Duskywing); Gesta funeralis (Funereal Duskywing ); Gesta lucilius (Columbine Duskywing ); Gesta persius (Persius Duskywing ).

Show / hide ▾Frequently asked questions

What are the ideal growing conditions for Wild Lupine?
Light: Full sun; Partial Shade. Soil moisture: Reported soil conditions: good drainage, moist, occasionally dry, very dry.

Is Wild Lupine deer and herbivore resistant?
Species-specific deer resistance has not been verified here. Even plants described as resistant may be browsed. Use physical protection where deer damage is a concern.

When should I expect Wild Lupine to bloom?
Typical flowering period: Spring; Summer. Timing varies with location and weather.

Show / hide ▾Sources & ecological notes

Native range & ecological ratings: Illinois FQA (1997; 2020 family update); Kew WCVP / Plants of the World Online.

Growing conditions & other references: NC State Extension Plant Toolbox.

Wildlife records: Shropshire & Tallamy: caterpillar hosts (2025).

Native range does not identify the origin of the seed or plants offered. Community and wildlife records apply to the locations and conditions described.

Research notes & credits

U.S. state nativity: World Checklist of Vascular Plants, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 4 June 2026 release, under Lupinus perennis. © The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; CC BY 3.0. Native records selected; introduced, doubtful and extinct records excluded. Kew cannot warrant the quality or accuracy of these data; no endorsement is implied. State nativity is separate from Chicago-region nativity, county occurrence and the origin of nursery stock.

Additional reference: Open Database License 1.0.

Data adapted from Shropshire, K.J. & Tallamy, D.W. (2025), Lepidoptera of North America, north of Mexico, supplementary material 1. This selected and reformatted host dataset is available under the Open Database License 1.0. No endorsement implied.

Genus-level research records

These records concern the plant genus. They do not establish that each insect feeds on this particular plant species.

Record ID Scientific insect name Common name Source group Plant genus
202087 Callophrys henrici Henry's Elfin butterfly Lupinus
202089 Callophrys irus The Hoary Elfin, Bog Elfin?, Frosted Elfin butterfly Lupinus
202554 Celastrina humulus Hops Azure butterfly Lupinus
202558 Celastrina neglecta Summer Azure butterfly Lupinus
203328 Colias alexandra Queen Alexandra's Sulphur, butterfly Lupinus
203330 Colias boothii Canadian Sulphur butterfly Lupinus
203333 Colias eriphyle Western Clouded Sulphur butterfly Lupinus
203334 Colias eurytheme Orange Sulphur, Alfalfa Butterfly butterfly Lupinus
203337 Colias hecla Hecla Sulphur butterfly Lupinus
203341 Colias nastes Labrador Sulphur butterfly Lupinus
203342 Colias occidentalis Western Sulphur butterfly Lupinus
203345 Colias philodice Clouded Sulphur, Clover Butterfly butterfly Lupinus
203687 Cupido comyntas Eastern Tailed-Blue butterfly Lupinus
206262 Glaucopsyche lygdamus Silvery Blue butterfly Lupinus
206263 Glaucopsyche piasus Arrowhead Blue butterfly Lupinus
207299 Icaricia acmon Acmon Blue butterfly Lupinus
207303 Icaricia icarioides Boisduval's Blue butterfly Lupinus
207304 Icaricia lupini Lupine Blue, Boisduval’s Blue butterfly Lupinus
207308 Icaricia shasta Shasta Blue, Cushion-Plant Blue butterfly Lupinus
207670 Leptotes marina Marine Blue butterfly Lupinus
210227 Plebejus anna Anna's Blue butterfly Lupinus
210229 Plebejus idas Northern Blue butterfly Lupinus
210230 Plebejus melissa Melissa Blue, Gray Hairstreak, Cotton Square Borer butterfly Lupinus
210231 Plebejus samuelis Karner Blue butterfly Lupinus
211141 Satyrium behrii Behr's Hairstreak butterfly Lupinus
211148 Satyrium fuliginosa Sooty Hairstreak butterfly Lupinus
211154 Satyrium semiluna Sagebrush Sooty Hairstreak butterfly Lupinus
211907 Strymon melinus Gray Hairstreak butterfly Lupinus
212723 Vanessa annabella West Coast Lady butterfly Lupinus
212725 Vanessa cardui Painted Lady, Cosmopolite butterfly Lupinus
212726 Vanessa virginiensis American Lady, American Painted Lady butterfly Lupinus
200321 Acronicta lupini macromoth Lupinus
200341 Acronicta spinea macromoth Lupinus
200581 Agrochola purpurea macromoth Lupinus
201173 Apantesis nevadensis Nevada Tiger Moth macromoth Lupinus
201179 Apantesis phyllira Phyllira Tiger Moth macromoth Lupinus
201180 Apantesis placentia Placentia Tiger Moth macromoth Lupinus
201272 Arachnis picta Painted Tiger Moth macromoth Lupinus
201316 Arctia caja Garden Tiger Moth, Great Tiger Moth macromoth Lupinus
201323 Arctia virginalis Ranchman's Tiger Moth macromoth Lupinus
201666 Autographa californica Alfalfa Looper Moth macromoth Lupinus
202054 Caenurgina crassiuscula Forage Looper Moth, Clover Looper, Range Grass Moth macromoth Lupinus
202055 Caenurgina erechtea Clover Looper Moth, Common Grass Moth, Forage Looper macromoth Lupinus
203364 Comadia bertholdi Lupine Borer Moth macromoth Lupinus
203367 Comadia intrusa macromoth Lupinus
203793 Dargida procinctus Olive Green Cutworm Moth macromoth Lupinus
204118 Digrammia californiaria Californian Granite Moth macromoth Lupinus
204314 Dryotype opina macromoth Lupinus
204407 Egira curialis macromoth Lupinus
205098 Euclidia cuspidea Toothed Somberwing macromoth Lupinus
205694 Euxoa auxiliaris Army Cut-Worm, Army Cutworm macromoth Lupinus
205709 Euxoa catenula macromoth Lupinus
205727 Euxoa declarata Clear Dart macromoth Lupinus
205736 Euxoa extranea X macromoth Lupinus
205858 Euxoa wilsoni macromoth Lupinus
205946 Feltia jaculifera Dingy Cutworm macromoth Lupinus
206026 Fishia discors X macromoth Lupinus
207047 Hydraecia immanis Hop Borer, Hop Vine Borer macromoth Lupinus
207974 Lygephila victoria macromoth Lupinus
208899 Oedemasia concinna Red-Humped Caterpillar, Red-Humped Appleworm macromoth Lupinus
209088 Orgyia vetusta Western Tussock Moth, Oak Tussock Moth macromoth Lupinus
209274 Papaipema insulidens Ragwort Stem Borer macromoth Lupinus
211281 Schinia suetus macromoth Lupinus
211448 Seirarctia echo Echo Moth macromoth Lupinus
211659 Spilosoma vagans Wandering Tiger Moth macromoth Lupinus
211660 Spilosoma vestalis Vestal Tiger Moth macromoth Lupinus
211670 Spodoptera dolichos Sweetpotato Armyworm, Dolichos Armyworm, Large Cotton Armyworm macromoth Lupinus
211673 Spodoptera frugiperda Fall Armyworm Moth macromoth Lupinus
212570 Trichoplusia ni Ni Moth, Cabbage Looper Moth macromoth Lupinus
212722 Utetheisa ornatrix Ornate Moth, Pink Underwing, Rattlebox Moth, Bella Moth macromoth Lupinus
212897 Xylena cineritia Gray Swordgrass Moth macromoth Lupinus
200760 Anacampsis lupinella micromoth Lupinus
200875 Ancylosis albipenella micromoth Lupinus
201263 Aproaerema metadesma micromoth Lupinus
201264 Aproaerema nigrella micromoth Lupinus
201327 Areniscythris brachypteris micromoth Lupinus
201437 Argyrotaenia franciscana Orange Tortrix micromoth Lupinus
202703 Chionodes braunella micromoth Lupinus
202770 Chionodes lophosella micromoth Lupinus
202789 Chionodes nanodella micromoth Lupinus
204103 Dicymolomia metalliferalis micromoth Lupinus
204365 Eana nr Eana Grass Tortrix micromoth Lupinus
204586 Elasmopalpus lignosella Lesser Cornstalk Borer micromoth Lupinus
204807 Epinotia infuscana micromoth Lupinus
205992 Filatima loowita micromoth Lupinus
206002 Filatima occidua micromoth Lupinus
206004 Filatima ornatifimbriella micromoth Lupinus
206024 Filatima xanthuris micromoth Lupinus
206478 Grapholita edwardsiana micromoth Lupinus
206481 Grapholita imitativa micromoth Lupinus
206483 Grapholita lana micromoth Lupinus
206491 Grapholita tristrigana Three-Lined Grapholita micromoth Lupinus
207284 Hystrichophora paradisiae micromoth Lupinus
207285 Hystrichophora roessleri micromoth Lupinus
207286 Hystrichophora stygiana micromoth Lupinus
207379 Interjectio denticulella micromoth Lupinus
208391 Micrurapteryx occulta micromoth Lupinus
208638 Neocaloreas augustella micromoth Lupinus
210107 Phymatopus behrensii micromoth Lupinus
210957 Rhamphura ochristriata micromoth Lupinus
211605 Sparganothis senecionana micromoth Lupinus
212668 Udea radiosalis micromoth Lupinus
212775 Walshia miscecolorella Sweetclover Root Borer Moth micromoth Lupinus
206181 Gesta afranius Afranius Duskywing skipper Lupinus
206182 Gesta baptisiae Wild Indigo Duskywing, Baptisia Duskywing skipper Lupinus
206185 Gesta funeralis Funereal Duskywing skipper Lupinus
206191 Gesta lucilius Columbine Duskywing skipper Lupinus
206195 Gesta persius Persius Duskywing skipper Lupinus

Growing guidance: Illinois Extension — Keeping deer out of the yard and garden. Selected facts in original wording. General deer advice is not a species resistance rating.

* Illinois statewide 1997 assessment, 2020 family-name update — fallback. Exact statewide taxon; not a Chicago-region rating. This value is not presented as a Flora of the Chicago Region rating.

Planting references and review

Reviewed: 2026-09-27

Plant spacing:Select a spacing suited to your site and planting design.

Seeding rate: Use a site- and method-specific specification. No verified automatic species rate is supplied.

Seed preparation: NRCS describes scarifying Lupinus perennis seed, soaking it in water overnight, then applying species-specific inoculum before planting. Match preparation and sowing timing to the supplied seed lot; do not substitute Lupinus polyphyllus. A published propagation reference, not a guarantee of establishment. Confirm the method with the supplier for the actual seed lot.

Source: https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/plantmaterials/nypmspu11417.pdf

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