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Viola pedata (Bird's Foot Violet)

Viola pedata (Bird's Foot Violet)

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Updated

Bird’s-foot violet has deeply divided leaves and lavender to purple flowers with bright orange anthers. It stays low; the variety of the supplied plants remains unconfirmed for Flora-specific ratings.

Sun exposure for Viola pedata: full sun; Partial Shade. Reported soil conditions: good drainage, moist, occasionally dry. Reported height: 0 ft. 4 in. - 0 ft. 8 in..

Plant specifications

Key growing facts

Sunlight Full sun; Partial Shade
Soil moisture Reported soil conditions: good drainage, moist, occasionally dry
Height 0 ft. 4 in. - 0 ft. 8 in.
Bloom season Spring; Summer
Show / hide ▾Growing & planting details
Soil pH Published cultivation guidance lists acidic, neutral soil conditions; no optimal numeric interval is established.
Cultivation hardiness zones Zones 4a–8b (general cultivation guidance)
Drought tolerance Drought tolerance reported in cultivation guidance; establishment needs and duration are not specified.
Deer browsing Deer resistance reported in cultivation guidance; browsing remains possible.

Plant identification & seed reference

Botanical name Viola pedata
Other common names Bird-Foot Violet; Birdfoot Violet; Bird's Foot Violet; Violets
Plant family Violaceae

Planting, growth & seasonal care

Flowering season: spring; Summer. Use this timing when planning seasonal interest with the other plants in the bed.

Drought tolerance reported in cultivation guidance; establishment needs and duration are not specified.

Browsing guidance: Deer resistance reported in cultivation guidance; browsing remains possible.

Use the selected product option to confirm the supply format and quantity. For a mixed planting, calculate the order from the actual species and layout; a plant’s mature height alone does not determine a seed rate or plug spacing.

Show / hide ▾Plant communities & associatesDocumented community records

Documented Illinois communities

Late-successional dry sand prairie

Ayers Sand Prairie Nature Preserve — Carroll County, Illinois; 2004 survey.

Other native plants recorded in this survey area: Asclepias verticillata, Aster ericoides, Eragrostis spectabilis, Euphorbia corollata, Koeleria macrantha, Lespedeza capitata, Liatris aspera, Panicum virgatum, Schizachyrium scoparium, Solidago nemoralis, Ambrosia psilostachya, Aristida tuberculosa.

Selected species from the ground layer. The survey includes disturbance and succession; these records do not specify immediate neighbors or planting proportions.

Successional dry sand prairie — Tephrosia/Poa

Lost Mound — Jo Daviess County, Illinois; 2005 survey.

Other native plants recorded in this survey area: Asclepias verticillata, Bouteloua hirsuta, Eragrostis spectabilis, Koeleria macrantha, Panicum virgatum, Rhus aromatica, Schizachyrium scoparium, Tradescantia ohiensis, Ambrosia psilostachya, Aristida tuberculosa, Carex muhlenbergii, Carex tonsa.

Selected species from the ground layer. The survey includes disturbance and succession; these records do not specify immediate neighbors or planting proportions.

Early-successional blowing sand

Ayers Sand Prairie Nature Preserve — Carroll County, Illinois; 2004 survey.

Other native plants recorded in this survey area: Asclepias verticillata, Eragrostis spectabilis, Euphorbia corollata, Koeleria macrantha, Lespedeza capitata, Liatris aspera, Panicum virgatum, Rhus aromatica, Solidago nemoralis, Ambrosia psilostachya, Apocynum sibericum, Aristida tuberculosa.

Selected species from the ground layer. The survey includes disturbance and succession; these records do not specify immediate neighbors or planting proportions.

Show / hide ▾Native range & C-value

State nativity describes a broad range. Use the Chicago-region assessment for local context; a state listing does not establish county nativity.

Wetland indicator — NWPL 2022 Midwest UPL
C-value* — Corps Chicago 2017 assessment 9
Native range — U.S. states Alabama; Arkansas; Connecticut; Delaware; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Nebraska; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New York; North Carolina; Ohio; Oklahoma; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; South Carolina; Tennessee; Texas; Vermont; Virginia; West Virginia; Wisconsin
County nativity Not yet verified; occurrence records do not establish nativity.

Regional assessment notes

This taxon is native to parts of the United States. A matching Flora of the Chicago Region (2017) assessment has not been verified for this listing. Any regional fallback rating is identified separately in the table above.

These records describe botanical distribution. They do not establish county occurrence or suitability for every site; an unlisted state is not proof of absence.

Show / hide ▾Pollinators & wildlife

Caterpillars recorded on Viola — genus-level evidence

These records concern the plant genus Viola, not necessarily Viola pedata. They do not establish a host relationship for every species in the genus, specialist status, or occurrence at your location. The selected insects are listed as native in the source’s North American study area.

Butterfly: Argynnis adiaste (Unsilverered Fritillary); Argynnis aphrodite (Aphrodite Fritillary, Great Spangled Fritillary ); Argynnis atlantis (Mountain Silver-Spot, Regal Fritillary, Atlantis Fritillary); Argynnis bischoffii; Argynnis callippe (Callippe Fritillary); Argynnis coronis (Coronis Fritillary ); Argynnis cybele (Great Spangled Fritillary, Variegated Fritillary); Argynnis diana (Variegated Fritillary ); Argynnis edwardsii (Edward's Fritillary); Argynnis egleis (Egleis Fritillary ); Argynnis hesperis (Northwestern Fritillary); Argynnis hydaspe (Hydaspe Fritillary ); Argynnis idalia (Regal Fritillary, Aphrodite Fritillary ); Argynnis irene (Irene Fritillary); Argynnis leto (Leto Fritillary); Argynnis mormonia (Mormon Fritillary); Argynnis nausicaa; Argynnis nokomis (Nokomis Fritillary); Argynnis zerene (Zerene Fritillary); Boloria alaskensis (Mountain Fritillary); Boloria bellona (Silver-Bordered Fritillary, Meadow Fritillary ); Boloria chariclea (Arctic Fritillary, Purplish Fritillary); Boloria epithore (Pacific Fritillary); Boloria eunomia (Bog Fritillary, Ocellate Bog Fritillary); Boloria kriemhild (Relict Fritillary); Boloria myrina (Atlantis Fritillary, Silver-Bordered Fritillary ); Euptoieta claudia (Variegated Fritillary, (?)Gulf Fritillary); Euptoieta hegesia (Mexican Fritillary).

Macromoth: Agrotis gladiaria (Swordsman Dart, Clay-Backed Cut-Worm); Agrotis venerabilis (Venerable Dart, Dusky Cut-Worm); Apantesis nais (Nais Tiger Moth ); Apantesis nevadensis (Nevada Tiger Moth); Elaphria grata (Grateful Midget); Ematurga amitaria (Cranberry Spanworm); Eubaphe mendica (The Beggar); Eubaphe unicolor (Orange Beggar); Eupsilia vinulenta (Straight-Toothed Sallow); Euxoa catenula; Euxoa nostra; Hypercompe scribonia (Giant Leopard Moth, Great Leopard Moth); Lacanobia subjuncta (Speckled Arches, Subdues Arches, Harnessed Mamestra, Speckled Cutworm Moth, Grand Arches?(incorrectly)); Sabulodes aegrotata (Omnivorous Looper); Spilosoma virginica (Virginian Tiger Moth, Yellow Woolybear Moth, Yellow Bear); Spodoptera dolichos (Sweetpotato Armyworm, Dolichos Armyworm, Large Cotton Armyworm); Spodoptera frugiperda (Fall Armyworm Moth); Spodoptera ornithogalli (Yellow-Striped Armyworm Moth, Cotton Cutworm); Trichordestra legitima (Striped Garden Caterpillar Moth); Xestia c-nigrum (Spotted Cut-Worm, Setaceous Hebrew Character, Lesser Black-letter Dart); Xestia dolosa (Greater Black-Letter Dart, Greater Spotted Cutworm); Xestia smithii (Smith's Dart).

Micromoth: Archips purpurana (Omnivorous Leafroller Moth); Argyrotaenia velutinana (Red-Banded Leafroller Moth, Jack Pine Tube Moth); Elophila obliteralis (Waterlily Leafcutter Moth); Herpetogramma aquilonalis; Herpetogramma pertextalis (Bold-Feathered Grass Moth); Herpetogramma thestealis (Zigzag Herpetogramma, Subtle-Feathered Grass Moth); Udea profundalis (False Celery Leaftier); Udea rubigalis (Celery Leaftier).

Show / hide ▾Frequently asked questions

What are the ideal growing conditions for Bird's Foot Violet?
Light: Full sun; Partial Shade. Soil moisture: Reported soil conditions: good drainage, moist, occasionally dry.

Is Bird's Foot Violet deer and herbivore resistant?
Deer resistance reported in cultivation guidance; browsing remains possible. Even plants described as resistant may be browsed. Use physical protection where deer damage is a concern.

When should I expect Bird's Foot Violet to bloom?
Typical flowering period: Spring; Summer. Timing varies with location and weather.

Show / hide ▾Sources & ecological notes

Native range & ecological ratings: USACE Chicago FQA (2017); USACE National Wetland Plant List; Kew WCVP / Plants of the World Online.

Growing conditions & other references: NC State Extension Plant Toolbox.

Wildlife records: Shropshire & Tallamy: caterpillar hosts (2025).

Native range does not identify the origin of the seed or plants offered. Community and wildlife records apply to the locations and conditions described.

Research notes & credits

USACE/ERDC fqadata — Chicago Region FQA 2017. Herman, B., Sliwinski, R. & Whitaker, S. (2017), Chicago Region FQA Calculator; distributed by USACE/ERDC in fqadata under CC0. Values may differ from Flora of the Chicago Region (2017). CC0 dedication.

U.S. state nativity: World Checklist of Vascular Plants, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 4 June 2026 release, under Viola pedata. © The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; CC BY 3.0. Native records selected; introduced, doubtful and extinct records excluded. Kew cannot warrant the quality or accuracy of these data; no endorsement is implied. State nativity is separate from Chicago-region nativity, county occurrence and the origin of nursery stock.

Additional reference: Open Database License 1.0.

Data adapted from Shropshire, K.J. & Tallamy, D.W. (2025), Lepidoptera of North America, north of Mexico, supplementary material 1. This selected and reformatted host dataset is available under the Open Database License 1.0. No endorsement implied.

Genus-level research records

These records concern the plant genus. They do not establish that each insect feeds on this particular plant species.

Record ID Scientific insect name Common name Source group Plant genus
201333 Argynnis adiaste Unsilverered Fritillary butterfly Viola
201334 Argynnis aphrodite Aphrodite Fritillary, Great Spangled Fritillary butterfly Viola
201335 Argynnis atlantis Mountain Silver-Spot, Regal Fritillary, Atlantis Fritillary butterfly Viola
201336 Argynnis bischoffii butterfly Viola
201337 Argynnis callippe Callippe Fritillary butterfly Viola
201338 Argynnis coronis Coronis Fritillary butterfly Viola
201339 Argynnis cybele Great Spangled Fritillary, Variegated Fritillary butterfly Viola
201340 Argynnis diana Variegated Fritillary butterfly Viola
201341 Argynnis edwardsii Edward's Fritillary butterfly Viola
201342 Argynnis egleis Egleis Fritillary butterfly Viola
201343 Argynnis hesperis Northwestern Fritillary butterfly Viola
201344 Argynnis hydaspe Hydaspe Fritillary butterfly Viola
201345 Argynnis idalia Regal Fritillary, Aphrodite Fritillary butterfly Viola
201346 Argynnis irene Irene Fritillary butterfly Viola
201347 Argynnis leto Leto Fritillary butterfly Viola
201348 Argynnis mormonia Mormon Fritillary butterfly Viola
201349 Argynnis nausicaa butterfly Viola
201350 Argynnis nokomis Nokomis Fritillary butterfly Viola
201351 Argynnis zerene Zerene Fritillary butterfly Viola
201850 Boloria alaskensis Mountain Fritillary butterfly Viola
201853 Boloria bellona Silver-Bordered Fritillary, Meadow Fritillary butterfly Viola
201854 Boloria chariclea Arctic Fritillary, Purplish Fritillary butterfly Viola
201855 Boloria epithore Pacific Fritillary butterfly Viola
201856 Boloria eunomia Bog Fritillary, Ocellate Bog Fritillary butterfly Viola
201860 Boloria kriemhild Relict Fritillary butterfly Viola
201862 Boloria myrina Atlantis Fritillary, Silver-Bordered Fritillary butterfly Viola
205628 Euptoieta claudia Variegated Fritillary, (?)Gulf Fritillary butterfly Viola
205629 Euptoieta hegesia Mexican Fritillary butterfly Viola
200587 Agrotis gladiaria Swordsman Dart, Clay-Backed Cut-Worm macromoth Viola
200603 Agrotis venerabilis Venerable Dart, Dusky Cut-Worm macromoth Viola
201172 Apantesis nais Nais Tiger Moth macromoth Viola
201173 Apantesis nevadensis Nevada Tiger Moth macromoth Viola
204576 Elaphria grata Grateful Midget macromoth Viola
204608 Ematurga amitaria Cranberry Spanworm macromoth Viola
205029 Eubaphe mendica The Beggar macromoth Viola
205032 Eubaphe unicolor Orange Beggar macromoth Viola
205627 Eupsilia vinulenta Straight-Toothed Sallow macromoth Viola
205709 Euxoa catenula macromoth Viola
205789 Euxoa nostra macromoth Viola
207209 Hypercompe scribonia Giant Leopard Moth, Great Leopard Moth macromoth Viola
207486 Lacanobia subjuncta Speckled Arches, Subdues Arches, Harnessed Mamestra, Speckled Cutworm Moth, Grand Arches?(incorrectly) macromoth Viola
211053 Sabulodes aegrotata Omnivorous Looper macromoth Viola
211661 Spilosoma virginica Virginian Tiger Moth, Yellow Woolybear Moth, Yellow Bear macromoth Viola
211670 Spodoptera dolichos Sweetpotato Armyworm, Dolichos Armyworm, Large Cotton Armyworm macromoth Viola
211673 Spodoptera frugiperda Fall Armyworm Moth macromoth Viola
211676 Spodoptera ornithogalli Yellow-Striped Armyworm Moth, Cotton Cutworm macromoth Viola
212592 Trichordestra legitima Striped Garden Caterpillar Moth macromoth Viola
212846 Xestia c-nigrum Spotted Cut-Worm, Setaceous Hebrew Character, Lesser Black-letter Dart macromoth Viola
212850 Xestia dolosa Greater Black-Letter Dart, Greater Spotted Cutworm macromoth Viola
212877 Xestia smithii Smith's Dart macromoth Viola
201299 Archips purpurana Omnivorous Leafroller Moth micromoth Viola
201461 Argyrotaenia velutinana Red-Banded Leafroller Moth, Jack Pine Tube Moth micromoth Viola
204600 Elophila obliteralis Waterlily Leafcutter Moth micromoth Viola
206836 Herpetogramma aquilonalis micromoth Viola
206842 Herpetogramma pertextalis Bold-Feathered Grass Moth micromoth Viola
206847 Herpetogramma thestealis Zigzag Herpetogramma, Subtle-Feathered Grass Moth micromoth Viola
212667 Udea profundalis False Celery Leaftier micromoth Viola
212669 Udea rubigalis Celery Leaftier micromoth Viola

Survey communities: Ebinger et al. (2006), Tables 1–12, Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin. CC BY 4.0; adapted as dated presence lists, with the source’s non-native records excluded from the displayed native lists.

Growing guidance: Illinois Extension — Keeping deer out of the yard and garden. Selected facts in original wording. General deer advice is not a species resistance rating.

* USACE Chicago Region FQA (2017), fallback assessment. Retained audited fallback; species complex/rank limit applies. This value is not presented as a Flora of the Chicago Region rating.

Plant Shipping & Care

We want to ensure that our customers get what they want, a native backyard oasis. To do that, we need to follow a few simple guidelines and give you some information and pointers to make sure you get your plants delivered in a healthy state.

As a reminder, you will receive an email to confirm your pickup or shipping window just before the plants are ready. See Order Fulfillment below for seasonal fulfillment windows.

 

Choices to Receive Your Plants & Accessories

  • Website orders: Seed, plugs and bare-root plants offered for shipping are shipped to your address. Shipping charges are calculated at checkout.
  • Container trees and shrubs: Some #3 and #5 container options are offered for scheduled pickup only. Check the selected product option and the cart pickup instructions before ordering. Pickup and shipped items require separate orders where indicated in the cart.
  • Wholesale orders: Delivery and pickup are arranged separately according to the order, supplier yard and location. Wholesale pickup is free.
  • Pickup locations and dates are confirmed by email. Please wait for confirmation before traveling to a pickup site. Our offices are not retail stores or nursery pickup locations.

 

Order Fulfilment - When Your Plants or Other Items Will Be Ready

We take orders all year long and seed is shipped all year, but we only provide the plants to you in certain fulfillment windows to ensure healthy plants.

Wholesale Orders

  • Shipped or are Ready For Pick Up As Requested.

 

Retail & Website Orders

  • Seed Typically Ships Out Within One Week Of Order All Year Long
  • Typically, single species flats ship when ready, sometimes as soon as early to mid-April (depends on weather) through early-October.
  • Mixed species kits are batched and shipped as indicated on the product page.
  • If a plant order is placed while outside of the plant fulfillment window your plants will be reserved through your payment, however, the order will not be fulfilled and shipped until the following spring. We don't want to provide you plants when they won't be happy during the cold winter months. 
  • Early in the spring and later in the fall certain species may be dormant or partially dormant with brown leaves, however they will return to grow healthy next growing season.
  • Your order may arrive in several different shipments.
  • If certain plants within an order will not be available until a later date, we may choose to hold the full order until all are ready.  In certain circumstances, we may choose to send them in two separate shipments 
  • Fulfillment is always dependent upon plant availability.  We try our best but sometimes plants do not overwinter well and perish.  If a plant is on back order you will receive an email indicating the estimated shipping date.  If we can not provide the plant we will first notify you and give you an option of substitution or a refund of that individual species.
  • Plants are typically only packaged and shipped on Mondays to ensure they do not sit in the harsh delivery facility for extended periods of time over the weekend. You will receive a confirmation email once your delivery has been shipped and to estimate your delivery date.
  • Apparel & accessories are ready typically within one to two weeks. See product page for holiday shipping.

Where We Ship

 

 

        What to Expect When Receiving Your Delivery

        • Your plants will be packaged with the utmost care
        • We will need to cut back certain plants prior to shipping. This seems counter-intuitive, however, the fewer leaves the less water the plants can lose during shipping, resulting in healthier plants for you. This also enables the plants to fit within the protective packaging and shipped safely.

         

           Shipments

          • Larger plant shipments will look similar to the picture below with a tray of your plants and a cardboard box to protect them during shipping.

           

           

          What to Do With Your Plants After  Receiving Your Delivery

          • Unpack your order IMMEDIATELY
          • Inspect for damage and report any issues immediately to Natives@NaturalCommunities.net
          • Water your plants
          • Install your plants as quickly as possible and water the entire garden area thoroughly
          • If you cannot install your plants immediately
            • Some plants may not be in a container, put them into some kind of a container such as a paper cup with loose soil until installation
            • Make sure each plant is receiving the appropriate amount of light.
            • Continue to water daily each morning and possibly again in the afternoon
            • No additional fertilizer is needed
          How to install native plugs
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