Quercus macrocarpa (Bur Oak)
Quercus macrocarpa (Bur Oak)
Subject to confirmation.
Couldn't load pickup availability
$30 minimum per species for seed.
$30 minimum per species for seed.
Each species requires a minimum of $30 of seed to proceed with checkout.
Pure Live Seed
Pure Live Seed
Seed is provided in Pure Live Seed (PLS) unless otherwise stated.
Pure Live Seed (PLS) expresses the viable seed content of a seed lot using its purity and germination or viability test results. It helps you compare seed lots and calculate how much bulk seed is needed to meet a specified PLS planting rate.
PLS weight and bag weight
PLS weight is not the same as the total weight of seed in a bag. For example, a lot with 80% purity and 75% viability contains 60% PLS: 80 × 75 ÷ 100 = 60. Supplying 10 lb PLS from that lot requires about 16.67 lb of bulk seed.
Use the current seed test and the stated basis of the mix specification. Germination calculations may include applicable hard or dormant seed. Seed-count estimates also require the number of seeds per pound; PLS alone does not provide a seed count.
What to check when buying a mix
Check whether each rate is stated in PLS pounds, bulk pounds, or a combination. A mix with both bases should not be described as having an all-PLS total.
PLS does not remove weed seeds or guarantee establishment. Review the seed label and analysis for weed content, and match site preparation, planting conditions and follow-up management to your project.
Sources: USDA NRCS, Understanding Pure Live Seed and The Importance of Seed Quality for Natural Resource Conservation.
Weight Conversions lbs. to oz.
Weight Conversions lbs. to oz.
0.01 pounds = 0.16 ounces
- 0.1 pounds = 1.6 ounces
- 0.25 pounds = 4 ounces
- 0.5 pounds = 8 ounces
- 0.75 pounds = 12 ounces
- 1.00 pounds = 16 ounces
Bur oak takes time to develop and eventually needs a very spacious site. Deep, moist loam suits it, but it also tolerates drier ground and calcium-rich soil.
For Quercus macrocarpa, choose full to partial sun and moist soil. Recorded habitats include moist bottomland woods, especially outside the flood zone; Upland deciduous woods; Savannas. Reported height: 80-120 ft.
Growth habit: stout-trunked tree with an oval to rounded crown; sometimes forms colonies at favorable sites. Allow space for this growth between neighboring plants over several seasons, rather than spacing only for the size of a young plant.
Plant specifications & ecological relationships
Key growing facts
| Sunlight | Full to partial sun |
|---|---|
| Soil moisture | Moist |
| Height | 80-120 ft |
| Bloom season | Spring, as leaves begin developing |
Native landscape companions
For full sun and moist soil, consider these native plants alongside Quercus macrocarpa:
| Companion plant | Height |
|---|---|
| Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) | 80-120 ft |
| Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum) | About 4-10 ft |
| Common Hop Sedge (Carex lupulina) | 1½-3¼ ft |
| Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum) | 60-100 ft |
These landscape suggestions combine overlapping growing needs with documented plant associations. Match soil, seasonal wetness and mature spread to your site. Remnant records are described separately under Plant communities & associates.
Show / hide ▾Growing & planting details
| Growth habit | Stout-trunked tree with an oval to rounded crown; sometimes forms colonies at favorable sites |
|---|---|
| Root form | Taproot |
| Soil pH | Tolerates limestone-derived alkaline soil |
| Cultivation hardiness zones | Zones 3a–8b (general cultivation guidance) |
| Drought tolerance | Drought tolerance reported in cultivation guidance; establishment needs and duration are not specified. |
| Deer browsing | Deer resistance reported in cultivation guidance; browsing remains possible. |
| Salt tolerance | Low |
| Plant toxicity | Poison characteristics are reported; listed parts: fruits, leaves. Pet safety is not established. |
Plant identification & seed reference
| Botanical name | Quercus macrocarpa |
|---|---|
| Other common names | bur oak; Bur Oak; Burr Oak; Moss-Cap Oak; Oaks |
| Seed germination | Published tests used 30–60 cold days; USDA results are not lot-specific promises. |
| Plant family | Fagaceae |
| Seeds per pound — reference estimate | 75 |
Plant characteristics
An excellent native tree, my favorite Oak with its wide-spreading branches, the classic open-grown oak. This large tree grows upwards of 100 feet. Easily identified by its irregular deep sinus leaves.
Show / hide ▾Plant communities & associates
Illinois woodland and stream communities
Middle Fork Woods, Vermilion County (1999–2002 survey). Recorded in: dry upland bluff — east-facing river slope; perennial stream corridor.
Dry upland bluff — east-facing river slope — selected native associates: Carex pensylvanica, Carex rosea, Bromus pubescens.
Perennial stream corridor — selected native associates: Phlox divaricata, Sorghastrum nutans, Acer saccharinum.
These plants share a recorded habitat; they were not necessarily found in the same small plot.
Other documented plant associations
These published associations show how this plant fits into natural vegetation. The region and community are identified for each list; moisture, shade and flooding can differ within a community.
Black-maple-dominated forest
Five stands summarized by the North Central Forest Experiment Station; exact localities unspecified
Other regional plant communities
These plants are named with this species in published vegetation accounts. Each list keeps its community and region; some records describe a shared vegetation type rather than neighboring plants in a measured plot. They are ecological records, not a planting recipe, and may include plants unsuitable for a particular garden.
- Oak savannas and open woodlands (Upper Midwest): Amorpha canescens.
- Oak savannas (Midwestern North America): Dalea purpurea.
- Oak savanna (East-central Minnesota): Elymus canadensis.
- Oak savanna (Minnesota): Prunus virginiana.
- Oak and hickory woodland (Nebraska and Iowa): Quercus velutina, Quercus imbricaria, Carya ovata, Carya cordiformis.
- Bottomland forest trees (New York): Acer saccharinum.
- Gallery, floodplain and bottomland forests (Great Plains): Celtis occidentalis.
- Grassland–woodland transitions (Northern and eastern prairie range): Dalea purpurea.
- Woodland canopy and ground flora (Eastern North America; account synthesis): Osmorhiza claytonii.
- Woodland understory (Konza Prairie, Kansas): Prunus americana.
- Woodland and wooded draws (Missouri River corridor and eastern Nebraska): Prunus americana.
- Upland oak forest (Central and Great Lakes region): Quercus ellipsoidalis.
- Mesic draws and mixed-deciduous woodlands (Northern Great Plains): Ulmus americana, Ostrya virginiana, Betula papyrifera, Tilia americana, Populus tremuloides, Fraxinus pennsylvanica.
- Mixed-conifer forests (Northern Great Plains): Pinus ponderosa.
- Oak and mixed-shrub draws (Northern Great Plains): Symphoricarpos occidentalis, Corylus spp., Prunus virginiana, Amelanchier alnifolia, Rhus spp..
- Gallery forest (Northeastern Kansas): Celtis occidentalis.
- Bottomland forest (Webster County, Nebraska): Morus alba, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Acer saccharinum.
- Oak savannas and dry forests (Great Lakes region): Quercus ellipsoidalis, Quercus velutina.
- Blue-ash and oak savanna woodland (Central Kentucky): Fraxinus quadrangulata.
- Tallgrass prairie and wooded draws (Kansas): Rhus aromatica.
- Bluestem prairie (Kansas): Rhus glabra.
Spring Bay Fen Nature Preserve — wet-mesic floodplain forest
Surveyed in 2007, 2008 and 2011. Wet-mesic floodplain forest recorded separately from the adjoining fen. These dated records do not establish presence today.
Other native plants recorded in this surveyed community: Acer nigrum, Acer saccharinum, Agastache nepetoides, Amorpha fruticosa, Anemone canadensis, Arisaema dracontium, Arisaema triphyllum, Blephilia hirsuta, Carex blanda, Carex emoryi.
Murphy, Phillippe & Ebinger 2021, Appendix 1. Selected associates from the same community; records do not show immediate neighbors or prescribe planting ratios.
Show / hide ▾Native range & C-value
State nativity describes a broad range. Use the Chicago-region assessment for local context; a state listing does not establish county nativity.
| Wetland indicator — NWPL 2022 Midwest | FAC |
|---|---|
| C-value — Chicago region, Flora 2017 | 5 |
| Chicago-region native — Flora 2017 | Yes |
| Native range — U.S. states | Alabama; Arkansas; Connecticut; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Missouri; Montana; Nebraska; New York; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; Pennsylvania; South Dakota; Tennessee; Texas; Vermont; Virginia; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming |
| County nativity | Not yet verified; occurrence records do not establish nativity. |
Show / hide ▾Pollinators & wildlife
Caterpillars & other plant-feeding insects
This plant has published caterpillar host records for the butterflies and moths listed below. These are larval feeding relationships, separate from adult nectar visits. The records span a North American literature compilation and do not establish that every insect occurs locally or uses only this plant.
Butterflies & skippers
- Gesta brizo — Sleepy Duskywing
- Gesta juvenalis — Juvenal's Duskywing
Moths
- Achatia distincta — Distinct Quaker
- Acronicta albarufa — Barrens Dagger, The Reddish-White Dagger
- Acronicta americana — American Dagger
- Alsophila pometaria — Fall Cankerworm Moth
- Amphipyra pyramidoides — Miranda Underwing, Copper Underwing, Copper Amphipyra
- Anisota discolor
- Anisota manitobensis — Manitoba Oakworm Moth
- Anisota senatoria — Orange-Tipped Oakworm Moth, Orangestriped Oakworm
- Anisota virginiensis — Pink-striped Oakworm Moth
- Archips cerasivorana — Cherry Tent Caterpillar, Cherry Worm, Ugly Nest Caterpillar
- Archips fervidana — Oak Webworm Moth
- Archips purpurana — Omnivorous Leafroller Moth
- Argyrotaenia alisellana — White-Spotted Leaf Roller
- Argyrotaenia quercifoliana — Yellow-Winged Oak Leafroller Moth, Lined Oak Leafroller
- Automeris io — Io Moth
- Besma endropiaria — Straw Besma
- Blastobasis glandulella — Acorn Moth
- Bucculatrix recognita
- Cameraria bethunella — Bethune Miner
- Cameraria hamadryadella — Solitary Oak Leafminer Moth
- Cameraria macrocarpae
- Cameraria macrocarpella
- Cameraria platanoidiella
- Catastega timidella — Oak Trumpet Skeletonizer Moth
- Catocala aholibah — Aholibah Underwing Moth
- Catocala amica — Girlfriend Underwing
- Catocala coccinata — Scarlet Underwing
- Catocala ilia — Ilia Underwing
- Catocala micronympha — Little Nymph
- Catocala ophelia
- Catocala verrilliana — Verrill's Underwing
- Cepphis armataria — Scallop Moth
- Ceratomia amyntor — Elm Sphinx
- Charadra deridens — The Laugher
- Chionodes bicostomaculella — Two-Spotted Chionodes
- Chionodes formosella — Spring Oak Leafroller
- Chionodes fuscomaculella — White-Spotted Chionodes
- Chionodes hapsus
- Choristoneura rosaceana — Oblique-Banded Leafroller Moth, Rosaceous Leaf Roller
- Coptotriche clemensella
- Coptotriche purinosella
- Crocigrapha normani — Norman's Quaker
- Cydia latiferreana — Filbertworm
- Dichomeris ligulella — Palmerworm
- Eacles imperialis — Imperial Moth, Imperial Spiny Caterpillar
- Ennomos subsignaria — Elm Spanworm Moth
- Erannis tiliaria — Linden Looper Moth, Western Winter Moth, Lime Looper
- Halysidota tessellaris — Banded Tussock Moth, Pale Tiger Moth
- Heterocampa obliqua — Oblique Heterocampa
- Hypagyrtis unipunctata — One-Spotted Variant
- Hyperstrotia pervertens — Dotted Graylet
- Hyphantria cunea — Fall Webworm
- Iridopsis ephyraria — Pale-Winged Gray
- Macaria exauspicata — Speckled Granite
- Machimia tentoriferella — Gold-Striped Leaftier Moth
- Malacosoma disstria — Forest Tent Caterpillar
- Malacosoma tigris — Sonoran Tent Caterpillar
- Melanolophia signataria — Signate Melanolphia
- Morrisonia evicta — Bicolored Woodgrain
- Natada nasoni — Nason's Slug Moth
- Nola ovilla — Wooly Nola
- Olethreutes atrodentana
- Orthosia hibisci — Speckled Green Fruitworm Moth, Speckled Green Quaker
- Orthosia revicta — Subdued Quaker
- Orthotaenia undulana — Dusky Leafroller
- Pandemis canadana — Green Aspen Leaftier
- Pandemis limitata — Three-Lined Leafroller Moth
- Phaeoura quernaria — Oak Beauty Moth
- Phigalia strigataria — Small Phigalia, Small Oak Looper
- Phigalia titea — The Half-Wing Geometer, Spiney Looper, Eastern Oak Looper
- Phyllonorycter albanotella
- Pococera expandens — Striped Oak Webworm, Double-Humped Pococera
- Protoboarmia porcelaria — Porcelain Gray, Dashedlined Looper
- Psilocorsis quercicella — Oak Leaftier
- Salebriaria tenebrosella
- Stenoporpia polygrammaria — Faded Grey
- Symmerista albifrons — White-Headed Prominent
- Tetracis cachexiata — White Slant-Line
Leafhopper hosts
The INHS revision lists this plant as a host for the following Eratoneura leafhoppers. These plant-feeding insects are distinct from caterpillars and flower visitors.
- Eratoneura accola
- Eratoneura brevipes
- Eratoneura carmini
- Eratoneura curvata
- Eratoneura externa
- Eratoneura fergersoni
- Eratoneura forfex
- Eratoneura guicei
- Eratoneura haysensis
- Eratoneura hymac
- Eratoneura ligata
- Eratoneura mirifica
- Eratoneura prolixa
- Eratoneura solita
- Eratoneura tantilla
Host names follow the 2010 taxonomic revision. Its distribution records do not establish a host observation at your planting site.
Show / hide ▾Frequently asked questions
What are the ideal growing conditions for Bur Oak?
Light: Full to partial sun. Soil moisture: Moist.
How do I germinate and establish Bur Oak from seed?
Published tests used 30–60 cold days; USDA results are not lot-specific promises.
Is Bur Oak deer and herbivore resistant?
Deer resistance reported in cultivation guidance; browsing remains possible. Even plants described as resistant may be browsed. Use physical protection where deer damage is a concern.
When should I expect Bur Oak to bloom?
Typical flowering period: Spring, as leaves begin developing. Timing varies with location and weather.
Show / hide ▾Sources & ecological notes
Landscape companion selection: Natural Communities compared the growing requirements shown on these species pages with selected source records: Dry upland bluff — east-facing river slope — East-central Illinois; Wet-mesic floodplain forest — Illinois River valley. The shortlist is a planting-design inference. A shared record does not establish adjacency, identical soil requirements, local seed origin, or a tested planting combination. Regional synthesis records retain their documented focal-to-associate scope.
Illinois woodland records: Larimore, Phillippe & Ebinger (2008), Middle Fork Woods flora, Appendix I. © 2008 University of Illinois Board of Trustees, CC BY 4.0. Habitat records transcribed, selected and linked to catalog names by Natural Communities. Survey: 1999–2002.
Native range & ecological ratings: Flora of the Chicago Region (2017), via Universal FQA; USACE Chicago FQA (2017); Kew WCVP / Plants of the World Online; USACE National Wetland Plant List.
Growing conditions & other references: Illinois Wildflowers, John Hilty; USDA Forest Service: black maple; USDA Forest Service: Acer saccharinum; USDA Forest Service: Amorpha canescens; USDA Forest Service: Celtis occidentalis; USDA Forest Service: Dalea purpurea; USDA Forest Service: Elymus canadensis; USDA Forest Service: Osmorhiza claytonii; USDA Forest Service: Prunus americana; USDA Forest Service: Prunus virginiana; USDA Forest Service: Quercus ellipsoidalis; USDA Forest Service: Quercus macrocarpa; USDA Forest Service: Rhus aromatica; USDA Forest Service: Rhus glabra; USDA Forest Service: species review; USDA NRCS PLANTS; USDA Forest Service: species review; USDA Forest Service: species review; USDA Forest Service: species review; NC State Extension Plant Toolbox.
Wildlife records: Shropshire & Tallamy: caterpillar hosts (2025); INHS: Eratoneura leafhopper host records.
Native range does not identify the origin of the seed or plants offered. Community and wildlife records apply to the locations and conditions described.
Research notes & credits
USACE/ERDC fqadata — Chicago Region FQA 2017. Herman, B., Sliwinski, R. & Whitaker, S. (2017), Chicago Region FQA Calculator; distributed by USACE/ERDC in fqadata under CC0. Values may differ from Flora of the Chicago Region (2017). CC0 dedication. Retained for comparison; the displayed C-value follows Flora database 80.
Range data: World Checklist of Vascular Plants, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; 4 June 2026 release, accessed 7 September 2026. © The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. CC BY 3.0; selected and reformatted. Kew cannot warrant the quality or accuracy of these data. This use has no Kew endorsement.
Caterpillar host records: Shropshire, K.J. & Tallamy, D.W. (2025), Lepidoptera of North America, Supplement 1. Contains information from this database made available under the Open Database License (ODbL 1.0). Natural Communities selected species-level records and screened source qualifications. The complete selection and transformation instructions for this page are available below under the same license.
Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin — Eratoneura paper. Dietrich, C.H. & Dmitriev, D.A. (2010), Review of the Species of New World Erythroneurini, IV. Genus Eratoneura. Copyright University of Illinois Board of Trustees. CC BY 4.0; selected host records summarized and reformatted. No endorsement implied. CC BY 4.0.
Flora rating attribution: Kenneth Johnson (2018), Flora of the Chicago Region UFQA Database, following Gerould Wilhelm and Laura Rericha (2017), Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Individual rating facts are presented with original commentary; the calculator’s software license is not treated as a license for the underlying Flora publication.
Detailed record links: Eratoneura accola; Eratoneura brevipes; Eratoneura carmini; Eratoneura curvata; Eratoneura externa; Eratoneura fergersoni; Eratoneura forfex; Eratoneura guicei; Eratoneura haysensis; Eratoneura hymac; Eratoneura ligata; Eratoneura mirifica; Eratoneura prolixa; Eratoneura solita; Eratoneura tantilla; Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin — Eratoneura paper.
Caterpillar research records
Plant: Quercus macrocarpa
Record scope: Host literature synthesis; no county nativity or local insect occurrence inferred.
Shropshire & Tallamy (2025) · Original research dataset · Reuse license: ODbL-1.0
| Plant names in the source | Source insect record IDs |
|---|---|
| Quercus macrocarpa | 200079, 200281, 200282, 200654, 200728, 200926, 200929, 200933, 200935, 201283, 201286, 201299, 201427, 201457, 201682, 201805, 201819, 201988, 202215, 202232, 202237, 202238, 202247, 202378, 202387, 202391, 202410, 202431, 202452, 202462, 202486, 202589, 202609, 202641, 202700, 202738, 202743, 202750, 202939, 203469, 203482, 203616, 203741, 204046, 204360, 204655, 204889, 206183, 206189, 206607, 206881, 207133, 207215, 207218, 207391, 208024, 208073, 208112, 208114, 208240, 208512, 208557, 208821, 208959, 209121, 209126, 209133, 209217, 209222, 209861, 209903, 209904, 210031, 210272, 210527, 210711, 211096, 211768, 211941, 212378 |
How these records were selected
To reproduce this selection, use the “UDELep May 2025” worksheet in the original research dataset.
- Match the insect record IDs above to column A (UDLepID). Within each table row, pair every listed insect ID with every listed source plant name.
- Use the first two words in column H for the insect’s scientific name, column E for its common name, and column AB for its source category.
- Treat the selected pairs as reported caterpillar host records. Keep all other source fields unchanged and outside this selected table. Include no other rows or host pairs.
- Group butterflies and skippers together, and the other categories as moths. Retain the source’s exotic-category labels and sort display names by scientific insect name.
Growing guidance: Illinois Extension — Keeping deer out of the yard and garden. Selected facts in original wording. General deer advice is not a species resistance rating.
Additional community records: Murphy, Phillippe & Ebinger (2021), Spring Bay Fen flora and vegetation. Selected facts and taxonomic links; source spellings and historical survey dates retained.
Plant Shipping & Care
Plant Shipping & Care
We want to ensure that our customers get what they want, a native backyard oasis. To do that, we need to follow a few simple guidelines and give you some information and pointers to make sure you get your plants delivered in a healthy state.
As a reminder, you will receive an email to confirm your pickup or shipping window just before the plants are ready. See Order Fulfillment below for seasonal fulfillment windows.
Choices to Receive Your Plants & Accessories
- Website orders: Seed, plugs and bare-root plants offered for shipping are shipped to your address. Shipping charges are calculated at checkout.
- Container trees and shrubs: Some #3 and #5 container options are offered for scheduled pickup only. Check the selected product option and the cart pickup instructions before ordering. Pickup and shipped items require separate orders where indicated in the cart.
- Wholesale orders: Delivery and pickup are arranged separately according to the order, supplier yard and location. Wholesale pickup is free.
- Pickup locations and dates are confirmed by email. Please wait for confirmation before traveling to a pickup site. Our offices are not retail stores or nursery pickup locations.
Order Fulfilment - When Your Plants or Other Items Will Be Ready
We take orders all year long and seed is shipped all year, but we only provide the plants to you in certain fulfillment windows to ensure healthy plants.
Wholesale Orders
- Shipped or are Ready For Pick Up As Requested.
Retail & Website Orders
- Seed Typically Ships Out Within One Week Of Order All Year Long
- Typically, single species flats ship when ready, sometimes as soon as early to mid-April (depends on weather) through early-October.
- Mixed species kits are batched and shipped as indicated on the product page.
- If a plant order is placed while outside of the plant fulfillment window your plants will be reserved through your payment, however, the order will not be fulfilled and shipped until the following spring. We don't want to provide you plants when they won't be happy during the cold winter months.
- Early in the spring and later in the fall certain species may be dormant or partially dormant with brown leaves, however they will return to grow healthy next growing season.
- Your order may arrive in several different shipments.
- If certain plants within an order will not be available until a later date, we may choose to hold the full order until all are ready. In certain circumstances, we may choose to send them in two separate shipments
- Fulfillment is always dependent upon plant availability. We try our best but sometimes plants do not overwinter well and perish. If a plant is on back order you will receive an email indicating the estimated shipping date. If we can not provide the plant we will first notify you and give you an option of substitution or a refund of that individual species.
- Plants are typically only packaged and shipped on Mondays to ensure they do not sit in the harsh delivery facility for extended periods of time over the weekend. You will receive a confirmation email once your delivery has been shipped and to estimate your delivery date.
- Apparel & accessories are ready typically within one to two weeks. See product page for holiday shipping.
Where We Ship
What to Expect When Receiving Your Delivery
- Your plants will be packaged with the utmost care
- We will need to cut back certain plants prior to shipping. This seems counter-intuitive, however, the fewer leaves the less water the plants can lose during shipping, resulting in healthier plants for you. This also enables the plants to fit within the protective packaging and shipped safely.
Shipments
- Larger plant shipments will look similar to the picture below with a tray of your plants and a cardboard box to protect them during shipping.
What to Do With Your Plants After Receiving Your Delivery
- Unpack your order IMMEDIATELY
- Inspect for damage and report any issues immediately to Natives@NaturalCommunities.net
- Water your plants
- Install your plants as quickly as possible and water the entire garden area thoroughly
- If you cannot install your plants immediately
- Some plants may not be in a container, put them into some kind of a container such as a paper cup with loose soil until installation
- Make sure each plant is receiving the appropriate amount of light.
- Continue to water daily each morning and possibly again in the afternoon
- No additional fertilizer is needed
Seed Shipping & Care
Seed Shipping & Care
Seed ships all year and typically ships within a week of an order being placed.
We have attempted to put together some basic information regarding native seed installation, establishment, and maintenance. We hope you find it helpful. If you need further assistance on native seed establishment, please schedule a free consolation call here.
Consultation Services
Ecosystem Restoration Considerations
Native Seed Establishment Best Management Practices
Native Seed Stratification Best Management Practices
Solving a Site Problem? Get Expert Advice + Get Store Credit
Whether you're fighting severe erosion, replacing invasive species, designing a pollinator haven, or seeding large acreage, choosing the wrong species wastes time and money. Talk 1-on-1 with a restoration ecologist to map out the exact species, plug counts, or seed mixes for your soil and goals. Book a consultation and get all or a portion credited directly back to your order.