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Anemone virginiana (Tall thimbleweed)

Anemone virginiana (Tall thimbleweed)

Type
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Regular price $ 24.00
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Pure Live Seed

Seed is provided in Pure Live Seed (PLS) unless otherwise stated.

Pure Live Seed (PLS) expresses the viable seed content of a seed lot using its purity and germination or viability test results. It helps you compare seed lots and calculate how much bulk seed is needed to meet a specified PLS planting rate.

PLS weight and bag weight

PLS weight is not the same as the total weight of seed in a bag. For example, a lot with 80% purity and 75% viability contains 60% PLS: 80 × 75 ÷ 100 = 60. Supplying 10 lb PLS from that lot requires about 16.67 lb of bulk seed.

Use the current seed test and the stated basis of the mix specification. Germination calculations may include applicable hard or dormant seed. Seed-count estimates also require the number of seeds per pound; PLS alone does not provide a seed count.

What to check when buying a mix

Check whether each rate is stated in PLS pounds, bulk pounds, or a combination. A mix with both bases should not be described as having an all-PLS total.

PLS does not remove weed seeds or guarantee establishment. Review the seed label and analysis for weed content, and match site preparation, planting conditions and follow-up management to your project.

Sources: USDA NRCS, Understanding Pure Live Seed and The Importance of Seed Quality for Natural Resource Conservation.

Weight Conversions lbs. to oz.

0.01 pounds = 0.16 ounces

  • 0.1 pounds = 1.6 ounces
  • 0.25 pounds  = 4 ounces
  • 0.5 pounds = 8 ounces
  • 0.75 pounds = 12 ounces
  • 1.00 pounds = 16 ounces

Tall thimbleweed (Anemone virginiana) produces white to greenish-white flowers in late spring and early summer. The raised center of each flower develops into an elongated seed head, which later becomes covered in pale, cottony hairs. Those seed heads remain conspicuous after the flowers have finished.

A woodland edge or lightly shaded garden with moist, well-drained soil is a good setting. Established plants can tolerate some dryness, but a persistently saturated spot is a poor choice. Its upright stems place the flowers above the lower foliage without forming the dense canopy of a large shrub.

The plant can expand through underground rhizomes, producing additional shoots near the original clump. It is less aggressive than some other anemones, but it is not confined to a single stem. Leave the seed heads standing to retain their late-season appearance.

Plant specifications

Key growing facts

Sunlight Full sun to light shade
Soil moisture Moist, well-drained soil; occasional dryness tolerated
Height About 1-2½ ft
Bloom season Spring; Summer
Show / hide ▾Native Landscaping Companion Plants

Build a layered native planting with grasses and sedges as a matrix, ground covers, seasonal flowers, and plants for texture. Explore the full curated Light Shade Tolerant list below. Match light, soil moisture, mature size, and spreading habit to your site.

Native Landscaping Guide — plan your planting

Hover over a plant name or expand Growing information for details. Short: under 2 ft · Medium: 2 to under 4 ft · Tall: 4 ft or more.

Light Shade Tolerant

Click the buttons below to expand a list of species.

Grasses & Sedges — Matrix Species
  • Curly-styled wood sedge (Carex rosea)
    Growing information

    Height: 8 in–3 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: Green foliage; subtle green flowers · Season: Spring · Light: Sun to shade · Moisture: Average to dry · Note: Fine-textured clumps; height varies with growing conditions.

  • James's sedge (Carex jamesii)
    Growing information

    Height: 3 in–1 ft (Short) · Color: Green foliage; subtle green flowers · Season: Spring · Light: Part shade to shade · Moisture: Average · Note: Fine-textured, low clumps.

  • Palm sedge (Carex muskingumensis)
    Growing information

    Height: 2 ft–3 ft (Medium) · Color: Green foliage; tan seedheads · Season: Late spring–early summer · Light: Part sun to part shade · Moisture: Wet to moist · Note: Best in moist pockets; distinctive palm-like foliage.

  • Pennsylvania sedge (Carex pensylvanica)
    Growing information

    Height: 6 in–1.25 ft (Short) · Color: Green foliage; subtle tan flowers · Season: Spring · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Average to dry · Note: Plant in broad drifts; weave seasonal flowers through the sedge.

  • Radiate sedge (Carex radiata)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–1.5 ft (Short) · Color: Green foliage; subtle green flowers · Season: Late spring · Light: Part shade to shade · Moisture: Moist to average · Note: Clump-forming matrix for moister woodland pockets.

Ground Covers
  • Big-leaved aster (Eurybia macrophylla)
    Growing information

    Height: 2.5 ft–4 ft (Medium / Tall) · Color: Pale lavender to white · Season: Late summer–early fall · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Moist to slightly dry · Note: Spreads by rhizomes; broad foliage forms colonies.

  • Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–1.5 ft (Short) · Color: Green foliage; white flowers · Season: Spring · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Moist to slightly dry · Note: Can spread aggressively by rhizomes; foliage may go dormant in summer.

  • Pennsylvania sedge (Carex pensylvanica)
    Growing information

    Height: 6 in–1.25 ft (Short) · Color: Green foliage; subtle tan flowers · Season: Spring · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Average to dry · Note: Plant in broad drifts; weave seasonal flowers through the sedge.

  • Prairie alumroot (Heuchera richardsonii)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–2 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: Green foliage; greenish-white flowers · Season: Late spring–early summer · Light: Sun to part shade · Moisture: Average to dry · Note: Clump-forming foliage; use light shade rather than deep shade.

  • Sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis)
    Growing information

    Height: 1.5 ft–3 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: Green foliage · Season: Foliage interest · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Wet to moist · Note: Can spread aggressively by rhizomes.

  • Wild ginger (Asarum canadense)
    Growing information

    Height: 2 in–8 in (Short) · Color: Green foliage; hidden maroon flowers · Season: Spring · Light: Shade · Moisture: Moist to average · Note: Spreads by rhizomes to form a leafy ground cover.

Flowers
Spring
  • Bellwort (Uvularia grandiflora)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–2 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: Yellow · Season: Spring · Light: Part shade to shade · Moisture: Moist to average · Note: Arching stems and nodding flowers.

  • Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
    Growing information

    Height: 3 in–1 ft (Short) · Color: White · Season: Early spring · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Average · Note: Early spring accent; foliage may go dormant in summer.

  • Celandine poppy (Stylophorum diphyllum)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–1.5 ft (Short) · Color: Yellow · Season: Spring · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Moist to average · Note: Can self-seed where conditions suit it.

  • Jacob's ladder (Polemonium reptans)
    Growing information

    Height: 6 in–1.5 ft (Short) · Color: Pale blue · Season: Spring · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Average to moist · Note: In prairie-style gardens, use sheltered part-sun pockets; avoid hot, dry exposures.

  • Midland shooting star (Dodecatheon meadia)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–1.5 ft (Short) · Color: Pink to white · Season: Late spring · Light: Sun to part shade · Moisture: Moist to slightly dry · Note: Spring ephemeral; summer dormant.

  • Prairie trillium (Trillium recurvatum)
    Growing information

    Height: 6 in–1.5 ft (Short) · Color: Maroon · Season: Spring · Light: Part shade to shade · Moisture: Average, well-drained · Note: Woodland plant despite its common name.

  • Sharp-lobed hepatica (Hepatica acutiloba)
    Growing information

    Height: 3 in–6 in (Short) · Color: White, pink or lavender · Season: Early spring · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Moist, well-drained · Note: Low spring accent.

  • Virginia bluebells (Mertensia virginica)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–2.5 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: Blue flowers; pink buds · Season: Spring · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Moist · Note: Spring ephemeral; summer dormant. In sunnier gardens, use moisture-retentive soil and shelter from hot afternoon sun.

  • White trillium (Trillium grandiflorum)
    Growing information

    Height: 9 in–1.5 ft (Short) · Color: White, aging pink · Season: Spring · Light: Part shade to shade · Moisture: Moist, well-drained · Note: Spring woodland accent; allow foliage to die back naturally.

  • Wild columbine (Aquilegia canadensis) — Part sun / partial shade
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–3 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: Red and yellow · Season: Late spring–early summer · Light: Part sun / partial shade · Moisture: Moist to dry, well-drained · Note: Use part-sun or lightly shaded pockets in either garden group; seedlings benefit from shelter. Self-seeds into gaps; foliage can decline after flowering.

  • Wild geranium (Geranium maculatum)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–2.5 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: Pink to lavender · Season: Late spring–early summer · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Moist to slightly dry · Note: Rounded foliage and spring flowers.

  • Woodland phlox (Phlox divaricata)
    Growing information

    Height: 10 in–1.5 ft (Short) · Color: Blue to lavender · Season: Spring · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Moist, well-drained · Note: Low spring color between taller plants.

  • Yellow trillium (Trillium luteum)
    Growing information

    Height: 8 in–1.5 ft (Short) · Color: Yellow · Season: Spring · Light: Part shade to shade · Moisture: Moist, well-drained · Note: Summer dormant. Native to the southeastern U.S.; not a Chicago-region native.

Summer
  • American bellflower (Campanula americana)
    Growing information

    Height: 2 ft–6 ft (Medium / Tall) · Color: Blue · Season: Midsummer–early fall · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Moist to average · Note: Tall; biennial that can renew itself by seed.

  • Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum)
    Growing information

    Height: 2 ft–5 ft (Medium / Tall) · Color: Lavender-purple · Season: Summer · Light: Sun to part sun · Moisture: Average to dry, well-drained · Note: Use brighter woodland edges; can self-seed.

  • Blue wild indigo (Baptisia australis)
    Growing information

    Height: 3 ft–4 ft (Medium / Tall) · Color: Blue-violet · Season: Late spring–early summer · Light: Sun to part sun · Moisture: Average to dry, well-drained · Note: Upright, bushy form; best flowering in sun. Native to parts of the central and eastern U.S.; Chicago-region native status is uncertain.

  • Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis)
    Growing information

    Height: 2 ft–3.5 ft (Medium) · Color: Red · Season: Late summer–early fall · Light: Sun to part shade · Moisture: Wet to moist · Note: Needs consistent moisture; vivid red flowers.

  • Great blue lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–4 ft (Short / Medium / Tall) · Color: Blue · Season: Late summer–early fall · Light: Part sun to part shade · Moisture: Wet to moist · Note: Needs consistent moisture.

  • Hairy wood mint (Blephilia hirsuta)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–3 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: White to pale lavender · Season: Summer · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Moist to average · Note: Airy flowers for the woodland border.

  • Nodding onion (Allium cernuum)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–1.5 ft (Short) · Color: Pink to pale pink · Season: Summer · Light: Sun to part sun · Moisture: Average, well-drained · Note: Nodding flowerheads; use brighter woodland edges.

  • Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea)
    Growing information

    Height: 2 ft–5 ft (Medium / Tall) · Color: Pink-purple · Season: Summer · Light: Sun to part shade · Moisture: Moist to average · Note: Use brighter woodland openings for stronger flowering.

  • Purple milkweed (Asclepias purpurascens)
    Growing information

    Height: 2 ft–4 ft (Medium / Tall) · Color: Purple-pink · Season: Early summer · Light: Part sun to light shade · Moisture: Average · Note: Best in bright woodland or savanna openings.

  • Starry campion (Silene stellata)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–2.5 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: White · Season: Mid–late summer · Light: Part sun to part shade · Moisture: Average to dry · Note: Fringed petals add fine detail.

  • Sweet Joe-Pye weed (Eutrochium purpureum)
    Growing information

    Height: 3 ft–7 ft (Medium / Tall) · Color: Pink-purple · Season: Midsummer–early fall · Light: Part sun to part shade · Moisture: Moist to average · Note: Tall; place toward the back.

  • Tall thimbleweed (Anemone virginiana)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–2.5 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: White · Season: Early–midsummer · Light: Sun to part shade · Moisture: Average, well-drained · Note: Understated flowers and distinctive seedheads.

  • Woodland sunflower (Helianthus divaricatus)
    Growing information

    Height: 2.5 ft–6 ft (Medium / Tall) · Color: Yellow · Season: Summer–early fall · Light: Part sun to part shade · Moisture: Moist to slightly dry · Note: Can spread aggressively by rhizomes.

Fall
  • Big-leaved aster (Eurybia macrophylla)
    Growing information

    Height: 2.5 ft–4 ft (Medium / Tall) · Color: Pale lavender to white · Season: Late summer–early fall · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Moist to slightly dry · Note: Spreads by rhizomes; broad foliage forms colonies.

  • Blue wood aster (Symphyotrichum cordifolium)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–3 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: Pale blue · Season: Late summer–fall · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Moist to slightly dry · Note: Airy fall flowers for woodland edges.

  • Blue-stemmed goldenrod (Solidago caesia)
    Growing information

    Height: 1.5 ft–3 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: Yellow · Season: Late summer–fall · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Average to slightly dry · Note: Arching stems with clusters of yellow flowers.

  • Calico aster (Symphyotrichum lateriflorum)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–3 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: White with changing yellow to purple centers · Season: Late summer–fall · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Moist to average · Note: Can self-seed aggressively.

  • Drummond's aster (Symphyotrichum drummondii)
    Growing information

    Height: 1.5 ft–3.25 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: Pale blue to white · Season: Late summer–fall · Light: Part sun · Moisture: Average to slightly dry · Note: Can self-seed aggressively; best at partly shaded edges.

  • Elm-leaved goldenrod (Solidago ulmifolia)
    Growing information

    Height: 1.25 ft–3 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: Yellow · Season: Late summer–early fall · Light: Part sun to part shade · Moisture: Moist to slightly dry · Note: Woodland-edge fall color.

  • Short's aster (Symphyotrichum shortii)
    Growing information

    Height: 2 ft–3.5 ft (Medium) · Color: Violet-blue · Season: Late summer–fall · Light: Part sun · Moisture: Average to slightly dry · Note: Late color for open woodland.

  • Zigzag goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis)
    Growing information

    Height: 2 ft–3 ft (Medium) · Color: Yellow · Season: Late summer–early fall · Light: Part shade to shade · Moisture: Moist to slightly dry · Note: Spreads by rhizomes; allow room to expand.

Texture
  • Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa)
    Growing information

    Height: 3 ft–7 ft (Medium / Tall) · Color: White · Season: Early–midsummer · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Moist to average · Note: Tall flower spires; place toward the back.

  • Blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–3 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: Blue-green foliage; subtle yellow-green to brown-purple flowers · Season: Spring · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Average · Note: Upright foliage and blue fruit provide texture.

  • Blue wild indigo (Baptisia australis)
    Growing information

    Height: 3 ft–4 ft (Medium / Tall) · Color: Blue-violet · Season: Late spring–early summer · Light: Sun to part sun · Moisture: Average to dry, well-drained · Note: Upright, bushy form; best flowering in sun. Native to parts of the central and eastern U.S.; Chicago-region native status is uncertain.

  • Christmas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides)
    Growing information

    Height: 1.5 ft–2.5 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: Evergreen foliage · Season: Foliage interest · Light: Part shade to shade · Moisture: Average to slightly dry · Note: Evergreen texture; needs good drainage.

  • Cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea)
    Growing information

    Height: 2 ft–4 ft (Medium / Tall) · Color: Green foliage; cinnamon-brown fertile fronds · Season: Foliage interest · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Wet to moist · Note: Best in consistently moist pockets.

  • Curly-styled wood sedge (Carex rosea)
    Growing information

    Height: 8 in–3 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: Green foliage; subtle green flowers · Season: Spring · Light: Sun to shade · Moisture: Average to dry · Note: Fine-textured clumps; height varies with growing conditions.

  • False Solomon's seal (Maianthemum racemosum)
    Growing information

    Height: 1.5 ft–2.5 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: White · Season: Late spring–early summer · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Moist to slightly dry · Note: Arching foliage; useful between low and tall layers.

  • Interrupted fern (Osmunda claytoniana)
    Growing information

    Height: 2 ft–4 ft (Medium / Tall) · Color: Green foliage; brown fertile segments · Season: Foliage interest · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Moist to average · Note: Upright, architectural fronds.

  • Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–2 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: Green and purple-brown flower hood · Season: Spring · Light: Part shade to shade · Moisture: Moist to average · Note: Bold foliage and distinctive flower form.

  • James's sedge (Carex jamesii)
    Growing information

    Height: 3 in–1 ft (Short) · Color: Green foliage; subtle green flowers · Season: Spring · Light: Part shade to shade · Moisture: Average · Note: Fine-textured, low clumps.

  • Marginal wood fern (Dryopteris marginalis)
    Growing information

    Height: 1.5 ft–3 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: Evergreen foliage · Season: Foliage interest · Light: Part shade to shade · Moisture: Average, well-drained · Note: Evergreen texture; use sheltered, well-drained woodland sites.

  • Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–1.5 ft (Short) · Color: Green foliage; white flowers · Season: Spring · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Moist to slightly dry · Note: Can spread aggressively by rhizomes; foliage may go dormant in summer.

  • Ostrich fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris)
    Growing information

    Height: 3 ft–5 ft (Medium / Tall) · Color: Green foliage · Season: Foliage interest · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Wet to moist · Note: Can spread aggressively by rhizomes; allow room for colonies.

  • Palm sedge (Carex muskingumensis)
    Growing information

    Height: 2 ft–3 ft (Medium) · Color: Green foliage; tan seedheads · Season: Late spring–early summer · Light: Part sun to part shade · Moisture: Wet to moist · Note: Best in moist pockets; distinctive palm-like foliage.

  • Pennsylvania sedge (Carex pensylvanica)
    Growing information

    Height: 6 in–1.25 ft (Short) · Color: Green foliage; subtle tan flowers · Season: Spring · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Average to dry · Note: Plant in broad drifts; weave seasonal flowers through the sedge.

  • Prairie alumroot (Heuchera richardsonii)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–2 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: Green foliage; greenish-white flowers · Season: Late spring–early summer · Light: Sun to part shade · Moisture: Average to dry · Note: Clump-forming foliage; use light shade rather than deep shade.

  • Radiate sedge (Carex radiata)
    Growing information

    Height: 1 ft–1.5 ft (Short) · Color: Green foliage; subtle green flowers · Season: Late spring · Light: Part shade to shade · Moisture: Moist to average · Note: Clump-forming matrix for moister woodland pockets.

  • River oats (Chasmanthium latifolium)
    Growing information

    Height: 1.5 ft–4 ft (Short / Medium / Tall) · Color: Green seedheads, aging bronze · Season: Summer–fall seedheads · Light: Part sun to part shade · Moisture: Moist to average · Note: Can spread aggressively, especially by seed; ornamental hanging seedheads.

  • Royal fern (Osmunda regalis)
    Growing information

    Height: 3 ft–5 ft (Medium / Tall) · Color: Green foliage · Season: Foliage interest · Light: Part shade to shade · Moisture: Wet to moist · Note: Tall, open fronds; avoid dry sites.

  • Sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis)
    Growing information

    Height: 1.5 ft–3 ft (Short / Medium) · Color: Green foliage · Season: Foliage interest · Light: Part shade · Moisture: Wet to moist · Note: Can spread aggressively by rhizomes.

Show / hide ▾Growing & planting details
Growth habit Rhizomatous perennial often producing vegetative offsets
Root form Rhizomes
Soil pH Acidic or neutral soil categories listed by Extension; numerical tolerance limits are not established
Cultivation hardiness zones Zones 2a–8b (general cultivation guidance)
Drought tolerance Mature plants show reasonably good drought resistance
Deer browsing Deer resistance reported in cultivation guidance; browsing remains possible.
Plant toxicity Poison characteristics are reported; listed parts: bark, flowers, fruits, leaves, roots, seeds, stems. Pet safety is not established.

Plant identification & seed reference

Botanical name Anemone virginiana
Other common names eastern tall anemone; Tall Anemone; Thimbleweed
Plant family Ranunculaceae

Plant characteristics

An adaptable wildflower that prefers a mesic to dry savanna situation, Tall Thimbleweed features clean white flowers beginning in June. The green cone-like seedhead is attractive through the summer, becoming a cottony tuft in autumn.

  • Flower Color White
  • Flower Time June- August
  • Show / hide ▾Plant communities & associates

    Illinois woodland and stream communities

    Middle Fork Woods, Vermilion County (1999–2002 survey). Recorded in: mesic ravine forest; dry upland bluff — east-facing river slope.

    Mesic ravine forest — selected native associates: Geranium maculatum, Phlox divaricata, Asarum canadense.

    Dry upland bluff — east-facing river slope — selected native associates: Carex pensylvanica, Carex rosea, Bromus pubescens.

    These plants share a recorded habitat; they were not necessarily found in the same small plot.

    Show / hide ▾Native range & C-value

    State nativity describes a broad range. Use the Chicago-region assessment for local context; a state listing does not establish county nativity.

    Wetland indicator — NWPL 2022 Midwest FACU
    C-value — Chicago region, Flora 2017 5
    Chicago-region native — Flora 2017 Yes
    Native range — U.S. states Alabama; Arkansas; Colorado; Connecticut; Delaware; Georgia; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Louisiana; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Mississippi; Missouri; Nebraska; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New York; North Carolina; North Dakota; Ohio; Oklahoma; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; South Carolina; South Dakota; Tennessee; Vermont; Virginia; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming
    County nativity Not yet verified; occurrence records do not establish nativity.
    Show / hide ▾Frequently asked questions

    What are the ideal growing conditions for Tall thimbleweed?
    Light: Full sun to light shade. Soil moisture: Moist, well-drained soil; occasional dryness tolerated.

    Is Tall thimbleweed deer and herbivore resistant?
    Deer resistance reported in cultivation guidance; browsing remains possible. Even plants described as resistant may be browsed. Use physical protection where deer damage is a concern.

    When should I expect Tall thimbleweed to bloom?
    Typical flowering period: Spring; Summer. Timing varies with location and weather.

    Show / hide ▾Sources & ecological notes

    Illinois woodland records: Larimore, Phillippe & Ebinger (2008), Middle Fork Woods flora, Appendix I. © 2008 University of Illinois Board of Trustees, CC BY 4.0. Habitat records transcribed, selected and linked to catalog names by Natural Communities. Survey: 1999–2002.

    Native range & ecological ratings: Flora of the Chicago Region (2017), via Universal FQA; USACE Chicago FQA (2017); Kew WCVP / Plants of the World Online; USACE National Wetland Plant List.

    Growing conditions & other references: Illinois Wildflowers, John Hilty; NC State Extension Plant Toolbox.

    Native range does not identify the origin of the seed or plants offered. Community and wildlife records apply to the locations and conditions described.

    Research notes & credits

    USACE/ERDC fqadata — Chicago Region FQA 2017. Herman, B., Sliwinski, R. & Whitaker, S. (2017), Chicago Region FQA Calculator; distributed by USACE/ERDC in fqadata under CC0. Values may differ from Flora of the Chicago Region (2017). CC0 dedication. Retained for comparison; the displayed C-value follows Flora database 80.

    Range data: World Checklist of Vascular Plants, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; 4 June 2026 release, accessed 7 September 2026. © The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. CC BY 3.0; selected and reformatted. Kew cannot warrant the quality or accuracy of these data. This use has no Kew endorsement.

    Flora rating attribution: Kenneth Johnson (2018), Flora of the Chicago Region UFQA Database, following Gerould Wilhelm and Laura Rericha (2017), Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis. Individual rating facts are presented with original commentary; the calculator’s software license is not treated as a license for the underlying Flora publication.

    Growing guidance: Illinois Extension — Keeping deer out of the yard and garden. Selected facts in original wording. General deer advice is not a species resistance rating.


    Planting references and review

    Reviewed: 2026-09-26

    Plant spacing:Select a spacing suited to your site and planting design.

    Seeding rate: Use a site- and method-specific specification. No verified automatic species rate is supplied.

    Seed preparation: A species-specific preparation method and named code system need confirmation for the supplied seed lot.

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    Seed ships all year and typically ships within a week of an order being placed.

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